Europe 337
MID#4137
Started in February 1998. See the narrative in the 2 United States of America/345
Yugoslavia dyad dispute list.
MID#4186
Started in February 2000. See the narrative in the 2 United States of America/345
Yugoslavia dyad dispute list.
MID#4343
Started in November 2000. See the narrative in the 2 United States of America/345
Yugoslavia dyad dispute list.
345 Yugoslavia/355 Bulgaria
MID#1251
Dispute Number: 1251
Date(s): April 18, 1913 to August 10, 1913
Participants: 355 Bulgaria/345 Yugoslavia, 350 Greece, 360 Romania, 640 Turkey
Outcome (and Settlement): Victory for side B (Imposed)
Fatalities: >999 deaths
Narrative: The Second Balkan War directly succeeded and was a consequence of
the First Balkan War. The Balkan League scored a decisive victory on the battlefield
against the Ottoman Empire, but interference by the Great Powers leading up to the
Treaty of London left no one satisfied with the conflict’s resolution. Serbia was denied
Albania, and the treaty gave no provisions for the divisions of the spoils in Macedonia,
Thrace and Eastern Rumelia. That was left to the allies, whose understandings were
shaped by the alliances that brought them into concert with one another. Bulgaria
also had strong intentions of becoming a hegemon in the Balkans and was intent on
maximizing its control over Macedonia. Serbia, which unexpectedly lost any claim to
Albania by great power interference, asked the Bulgarians to cede more of Macedo-
nia as a result. Bulgaria refused, and Romania, which did not participate in the First
Balkan War, demanded some of the war spoils as well. Finally, Greece and Bulgaria
were having difficulties over who would gain Thessaloniki. The Greeks had occupied
it first and were not going to give it to the Bulgarians.
Under pressure and seeing no better way to maximize its share of the Balkan Pen-
insula, Bulgaria surprised its former allies by attacking them on June 30, 1913. Bul-
garia’s surprise attack was foolish. Serbia and Greece’s combined forces outmatched
Bulgaria’s personnel. This became even more apparent when Romania and the Otto-
man Empire threw their lot in with the Serbians and Greeks in July. Bulgaria sued for
peace on July 30, 1913, ending the fighting, and the Treaty of Bucharest and Treaty
of Constantinople concluded the war on August 10, 1913. Bulgaria was forced out
of Macedonia, which was ultimately shared between the Serbians and Greeks. The