434 Chapter 4
MID#4378
Dispute Number: 4378
Date(s): April 26, 2005
Participants: 461 Togo/452 Ghana
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: Togolese soldiers fired on a Ghanaian residence across the border.
452 Ghana/490 Democratic Republic of the Congo
MID#2610
Dispute Number: 2610
Date(s): November 21, 1960 to November 22, 1960
Participants: 490 Democratic Republic of the Congo/452 Ghana
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: 1–25 deaths
Narrative: This is a Zairean attack on Ghana. During the Congo Crisis, Mobutu
Sese Seko, working underneath the president on the side of the government, ordered
a Ghanaian ambassador, Nathaniel Welbeck, out of Zaire. Welbeck became a per-
sona non grata in Zaire when Ghana’s government had extended support to Patrice
Lumumbu, a challenger to President Joseph Kasa-Vubu. Welbeck holed himself in
the Ghanaian embassy in Leopoldville. He was surrounded and supported by UN
troops. Undaunted, Mobutu’s troops attacked the embassy, killing seven Tunisian
soldiers in the process and wounding seven others. The Tunisian soldiers were under
a UN flag and are therefore not participants in this dispute. The force appeared to be
approximately 200 in number and, apparently, all Tunisian. A squad of Ghanaian riot
police was also on hand and a Chicago Daily Tribune report says the UN command in
the area was an Indian general. Mobutu’s second in command was killed during the
firefight. The UN command buckled and agreed to hand over Welbeck so that he could
be expelled from Zaire. The UN command ended up doing this itself. On or around
November 22, Welbeck was hurried to Ndjili Airfield and put on a Soviet-Ghanaian
aircraft en route to Accra.
Coding changes: Outcome changed from Unclear. Fatalities changed from None.
471 Cameroon/475 Nigeria
MID#3104
Dispute Number: 3104
Date(s): May 15, 1981 to July 20, 1981
Participants: 475 Nigeria/471 Cameroon
Outcome (and Settlement): Compromise (Negotiated)
Fatalities: 1–25 deaths