SubSaharan Africa 481
541 Mozambique/551 Zambia
MID#1390
Started in December 1972. See the narrative in the 235 Portugal/551 Zambia dyad
dispute list.
541 Mozambique/552 Zimbabwe
MID#1430
Dispute Number: 1430
Date(s): October 9, 1975 to November 27, 1977
Participants: 541 Mozambique, 551 Zambia/552 Zimbabwe
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: Missing
Narrative: On October 9, 1975, Mozambique soldiers killed a Rhodesian citizen in
a Zimbabwean forest reserve near the Mozambique border. Zimbabwe later killed a
Mozambique soldier involved in that battalion. Border skirmishes followed consis-
tently throughout the next several months. On May 16, 1976, responding to a threat
that Rhodesian guerrillas might attack Zambian camps, President Kaunda declared
war on Zimbabwe, and ordered his forces to fire upon any Rhodesian plane that
strayed into Zambian airspace. On June 10, Rhodesian forces bombed a Mozam-
bique army post near Espungabera and warned the Zambian government that they
should be careful in deciding whether to get involved in this conflict, threatening an
Espungabera-like attack in Zambia. The Zimbabwean government then mobilized
troops along the Rhodesian-Zambian border. On November 27, 1977, a four-day raid
by Zimbabwe into Mozambique came to an end. This raid was the fourth Rhodesian
military operation in Mozambique in 15 months, and the last militarized incident
within this dispute for at least six months.
541 Mozambique/553 Malawi
MID#2589
Dispute Number: 2589
Date(s): September 15, 1986
Participants: 541 Mozambique, 551 Zambia, 552 Zimbabwe/553 Malawi
Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)
Fatalities: None
Narrative: Malawi supported, along with South Africa, the RENAMO rebels, or
Mozambican National Resistance. On September 15, 1986, the presidents of Zambia
and Mozambique and the prime minister of Zimbabwe traveled together to the capi-
tal of Malawi and confronted its president. The heads of state warned the Malawian
president that, if his governments support for RENAMO continued, there would be