Book I 125Hongdŭk,^59 and others, withdraw their letters of appointment and ban-
ish them to remote regions after administering 100 strokes of flogging
with a heavy paddle. With respect to Ch’oe Ŭlŭi,^60 Pak Hŭngt’aek,^61
Kim I,^62 Yi Nae,^63 Kim Myo,^64 Yi Chongsŏn,^65 U Honggang,^66 Sŏ
Sŏnggye—including Cho Chun, Chŏng Tojŏn, and Nam ŭn—for causing a disturbance and sent
them into exile. Then, conspiring with Chŏng Mongju, he further attempted to eliminate them all
when Yi Sŏnggye fell from his horse and was injured. After Chŏng Mongju was killed, he was
arrested and interrogated. He confessed that, instigated by Chŏng Mongju, he had impeached the
followers of Yi Sŏnggye. He was severely beaten and banished, and died in exile.- Yi Hwak (?–1392): an official of late Koryŏ. In 1392, together with Kim Chinyang and
others, he impeached Cho Chun, Chŏng Tojŏn, and others for causing disturbances. When
Chancellor Chŏng Mongju was killed, he was accused of being a member of Chŏng Mongju’s
clique and was beaten to death. - Yi Chonghak (1361–1392): an official of late Koryŏ. He was the grandson of Yi Kok
and the second son of Yi Saek. He served as third royal secretary and associate examination
administrator. In 1390, he was involved (along with his father, Yi Saek) in the conspiracy case
of Yun I and Yi Ch’o, and was imprisoned in Ch’ŏngju (his father also). He was released from
prison because of a flood; however, he was impeached again after Chŏng Mongju was assas-
sinated by the followers of Yi Sŏnggye and was exiled to Hamch’ang. Chŏng Tojŏn unsuccess-
fully tried to kill him by sending his man, Son Hŭngjong. He was eventually killed on his way
to another place of exile. - U Hongdŭk (?–1392): the son of U Hyŏnbo, Earl of Tanyang. He served as second
inspector. Implicated in the conspiracy of Yun I and Yi Ch’o, he was exiled to Kanghwa Island
and beaten to death. - Ch’oe ŭlŭi (?–1392): an official of late Koryŏ who served as third inspector. Though he
became royal secretary in the early years of King Kongyang, he was exiled to Kyŏngsang
Province after Chŏng Mongju was assassinated by the followers of Yi Sŏnggye, and beaten to
death at the place of his exile. - Pak Hŭngt’aek: unknown except that he served as royal secretary and director.
- Unknown.
- Yi Nae (1362–1416): an official of late Koryŏ and early Chosŏn. He served as censor-
in-chief and minister of works. In 1392, when Chŏng Mongju was assassinated by the fol-
lowers of Yi Sŏnggye, he was accused of being a member of Chŏng’s clique and exiled to
Kyerim (modern Kyŏngju) briefly. However, in 1400, he made contributions to suppressing the
rebellion of Prince Panggan and became King Chŏngjong’s merit subject. As a result, he was
invested with the title of Lord of Kyerim and promoted to inspector-general and director of the
Office of Royal Decrees via censor-in-chief and minister of works. - Unknown.
- Unknown.
- U Honggang (1357–1423): an official of late Koryŏ and early Chosŏn. He was the son
of U Hyŏnbo, Earl of Tanyang. He initially entered the public service on the basis of his
father’s fame but soon passed the civil service examination. He served as surveillance com-
missioner of Kangwŏn Province, section chief of the Board of Personnel, and second assistant
master of the National Academy. In 1392, when the Chosŏn dynasty was founded and Chŏng
Tojŏn and others, who were now in power, tried to eliminate the officials of the previous
dynasty, he was exiled briefly after being beaten with a stick. However, in 1401, thanks to the
contributions that his family made to suppressing the rebellion of Prince Panggan, he was