notes to pages 121–123 241
Epalza, “Constitución de rábitas en la costa de Almería.” For the signifance of
the zāwīya in the North African context, see EI 2 , s.v. “zāwīya.”
11. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 382 : “wa- khāṭabahum al- sultān abū sa‘īd
[r. 1310 – 1331 ] malik al- maghrib fī i‘tiqālihi fa- ajābūhu wafr min maḥbasihi wa-
laḥaqa bi- dār al- ḥarb.”
12. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 382 – 83.
13. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 213. Abū Yūsuf saw the Ghuzāh as an ex-
tension of his own efforts in jihād.
14. See the astute discussion of jihād in the Islamic west in Abigail Krasner
Balbale, “Jihād as a Means of Political Legitimation,” in The Articulation of Power
in Medieval Iberia and the Maghrib, ed. Amira K. Bennison, 87 – 105. Cf. Lagardère,
Les Almoravides.
15. HEM, III: 75 n 2 , as cited in Manzano Rodríguez, La intervención, 323.
16. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 221.
17. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 383 ; and Ibn al- Khaṭīb, Iḥāṭa, IV: 77 – 80.
18. Ibn al- Khaṭīb, Iḥāṭa, IV: 80.
19. Torremocha Silva, Algeciras entre la cristianidad y el islam; and idem, “Al-
Binya: la ciudad palaciega merini en Al- Andalus.”
20. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 388 – 89.
21. On the extent of their influence at court, see, for example, Ibn al- Khaṭīb,
al- Lamḥa, 80 , 116 – 17.
22. For example, see Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 383 ; and Ibn al- Khaṭīb,
A’māl al- a‘lām, II: 255. See also Arié, L’Espagne musulmane, 80 , 87 ; and Manzano
Rodríguez, La intervención, 332.
23. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 191 ; Manzano Rodríguez, La intervención, 333 ,
suggests that these salaries were first conceded during the reign of Muḥam mad V.
24. See Manzano Rodríguez, La intervención, 370 – 71 , for a list of all the
commanders.
25. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 379 – 81.
26. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 382 ; and Ibn al- Khaṭīb, Iḥāṭa, IV: 78. See
text at n 123 , below, for more detail.
27. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 384.
28. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 386 : “ashkhaṣa banī raḥḥū jamī ‘an ilā
ifrīqiya.”
29. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 384. Castilian sources share the suspicion.
See Manzano Rodríguez, La intervención, 349 n 980.
30. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar, VII: 384. Yaḥyā b. ‘Umar b. Raḥḥū briefly held
the post of commander of the Ghuzāh in this period.
31. Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al- ‘ibar: VII, 385 – 86 ; Ibn al- Khaṭīb, Iḥāṭa, IV: 321 ; and
idem, al- Lamḥa, 105.
32. Yaḥyā fled to Castile briefly in this period. See Ibn al- Khaṭīb, Nufādāt al-
jirāb fī ‘ulālat al- i‘tirāb, ed. Aḥmad Mukhtār al- ‘Abbadī, 18 : “wa- ḥīnamā ‘alama