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of the sounds, that is, on the application of the concept
of tempus.” Cf. F. Alberto Gallo, “La teoria della notazione
nei secoli XIV e XV (Die Notationslehre im 14. und 15),” in
Geschichte der Musiktheorie. 5: Die mittelalterliche Lehere
von der Mehrstimmigkeit (Darmstat: Wissenschaftliche
Buchgesellschaft, 1984), pp. 257–356. Italian translation by
Cesarino Ruini, p. 3.
Neumes Graphic signs that represent musical notes; they derive from
grammatical accents. In the Western world, the oldest neumes
date back to the ninth/tenth century, within the Carolingian
and Visigothic-Mozarabic environments. See Kenneth Levy,
Gregorian Chant and the Carolingians (Princeton, 1998).
Nocturns The three sections of the Liturgy of the Hours, in which the
“matins” were organized. In the Diocesan rite, each of the
three nocturns consisted of three lectiones (readings) + three
responsories, while in the monastic rite four lectiones + four
responsories were contemplated.
Offertory Chant of the Proprium missae.
Officium rhythmicum.
Historia
Office of the Hours / Officium /Liturgy of the Hours.
Old Roman chant Liturgical chant present in Rome before the so-called
(“altrömische,” “Gregorian chant.”
“vieux-romain,”
“ancient Roman”)
Orational Liturgical book also called “Collettario.” It is a collection of
prayers proclaimed by the celebrant in the Liturgy of the
Hours. The Orationale Veronensis LXXXIX, preserved in the
Chapter Library of Verona, is a Visigothic “Collettario” en-
riched with other elements of the Liturgy of the Hours.
Ordinarium missae Chants of the Mass that present an invariable text: Kyrie, Gloria
in excelsis, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, Benedicamus Domino
(also Ite missa est for the Masses with Gloria in excelsis).
Pange lingua Hymn for Good Friday, by Venantius Fortunatus (530 approx.-
early seventh century).
Passionarius/ Liturgical book that collects hagiographic passages: vitae
Passionarium (lives) and/or passions of the martyrs. The lives of saints are
also collected in the liturgical book with lectiones called
Legendarium.