A Companion to the Hanseatic League

(sharon) #1

228 Jahnke


Göllnitz, Bartfeld, Letschau,132 Libethen, Neusohl and the region Spiš/Zips
in The High Tatras, where copper had been extracted since the thirteenth
century.133 Sixty percent of all European copper in the late Middle Ages
was derived from these regions,134 and some Hanseatic merchants, like the
Fahlbrecht from Danzig, invested capital in these mines.135 Because of the
geographical situation, one of the best trading-possibilities for these areas
was the sea-way at the Vistula River, used since the end of the thirteenth
century.136 Since 1306 Thorn was, beside Cracow, the Hanseatic house of cop-
per (Kupferhaus), the official staple for all Slovakian/Hungarian copper, traded
towards the north.137 From Thorn the metal was exported directly to Flanders
and also to Brunswik, two of the most important copper-processing areas.138
In the second half of the fourteenth century Thorn’s privileges in copper
trade came under pressure by the cities of Cracow and Danzig also tried to get
into the lucrative trade. Cracowian merchants explored the trade route via the
Oder River and Stettin and took so part of the Slovakian export to the west via
Silesia instead of Prussia.139
But in the course of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, more and more
European mines became flooded because of climate- and geographically-
related reasons.140 The production of the Slovakian mines, which in
Schmöllnitz was around 4,303 centner and in Libethen around 6,666 cent-
ner at the beginning of the fifteenth century141 decreased and the end of the


132 H. Oesterreich, “Handelsbeziehungen der Stadt Thorn,” Part i, 86.
133 Ondrej R. Halaga, “Kaufleute und Handelsgüter der Hanse im Karpartengebiet,” Hansische
Geschichsblätter 84 (1966), 59–86, here 65f; Josef Vlachović, “Die Kupfererzeugung und
der Kupferhandel in der Slowakei vom Ende des 15. bis zur Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts.”
In Schwerpunkte der Kupferproduktion und des Kupferhandels in Europa 1500–1630, ed.
Hermann Kellenbenz (Cologne: Böhlau Verlag, 1973), 148–171.
134 Wolfgang von Stromer, “Die ausländischen Kammergrafen der Stephanskrone—unter
den Königen aus den Häusern Anjou, Luxemburg und Habsburg—Exponenten des
Großkapitals.” Hamburger Beiträge zur Numismatik 27/29 (1973), 85–106, here 86.
135 W.v. Stromer, “Kammergrafen,” 96.
136 O. Halaga, “Kaufleute,” 12; H. Oesterreich, “Handelsbeziehungen,” 12 and passim.
137 H. Oesterreich, “Handelsbeziehungen,” 21–27.
138 Franz Irsigler, “Hansischer Kupferhandel im 15. und in der ersten Hälfte des 16.
Jahrhunderts,” Hansische Geschichsblätter 97 (1979), 15–35.
139 F. Irsigler, “Kupferhandel,” 21f.
140 Georg von Stromer, “Wassernot und Wasserkünste im Bergbau des Mittelalters und der
frühen Neuzeit.‟ In Montanwirtschaft Mitteleuropas vom 12. bis 17. Jahrhundert. Stand, Wege
und Aufgaben der Forschung, ed. Werner Kroker and Ekkehard Westermann (Bochum:
Vereinigung der Freunde von Kunst und Kultur im Bergbau 1984), 50–72.
141 Peter Ratkoš, “Das Kupferwesen in der Slowakei vor der Entstehung der Thurzo-
Fuggerschen Handelsgesellschaft.” In Der Außenhandel Ostmitteleuropas, 1450–1650. Die

Free download pdf