370 Kalopissi-Verti
towns and in the countryside showing the distribution of the population and
the agrarian character of the settlements.2 Numerous pottery finds testify to a
rigorous local production and at the same time to significant imports primarily
from Italy.3 Stray finds of coins and the recovery of hoards bear also testimony
to a monetary circulation and an extended trade network.4 The few known
specimens of monumental art of Latin sponsorship—secular and religious—
and the great number of extant examples of painted churches of Orthodox
patronage reveal the co-existence of a small corps of foreign conquerors and a
large local population with different languages, sociopolitical institutions and
doctrine. Did this co-existence lead to a mutual rapprochement or to a reaction
of the local population? Can an interaction be observed or rather a tendency
for introversion? Issues of confrontation and acculturation, differentiation,
2 For Boeotia, see John Bintliff, “Frankish Countryside in Central Greece: The Evidence from
Archaeological Field Survey,” in The Archaeology of Medieval Greece, ed. Peter Lock and Guy
D.R. Sanders (Oxford, 1996), pp. 5–8.
3 For Thebes, see Pamela Armstrong, “Byzantine Thebes: Excavations on the Kadmeia 1980,”
Annual of the British School of Athens 88 (1993), 295–335; Joanita Vroom, After Antiquity:
Ceramics and Society in the Aegean from the 7th to the 20th Century: A Case Study from Boeotia,
Central Greece (Leiden, 2003), pp. 64–69, 164–69; Charis Koilakou, “Βυζαντινή και μεταβυζαντινή
κεραμική από τη Θήβα” [“Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Pottery from Thebes”], in Ε ́ Διεθνές
Συνέδριο Βοιωτικών Μελετών, Θήβα 16–19 Σεπτεμβρίου 2005 [Fifth International Conference of
Boeotian Studies, Thebes 16–19 September 2005] ( forthcoming). For pottery workshops in
Athens, Maria Kazanaki-Lappa, “Medieval Athens,” in The Economic History of Byzantium:
From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, ed. Angeliki E. Laiou, 3 vols. (Washington dc,
2003), 2:643–45. For pottery from sites of Argos and Nauplion, which belonged to the de la
Roche, see Anastasia Yangaki, “Céramique glaçurée provenant de Nauplie et d’Argos (xiie–
xiiie siècles): Observations préliminaires, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 13.1 (2008)
Études, 587–616; eadem, Εφυαλωμένη κεραμική από τη θέση « ́Αγιοι Θεόδωροι» στην Ακροναυπλία
(11ος–17ος αι.) [Glazed Pottery from “Hagioi Theodoroi” in Akronauplia (11th–17th Centuries)]
(Athens, 2012), pp. 193–200.
4 See indicatively David M. Metcalf, “Frankish Petty Currency from the Areopagus at Athens,”
Hesperia 34 (1965), 203–23; Mina Galani-Krikou, “Φραγκικό εύρημα Αττικής (;) 1967” [“A
Frankish Find in Attica (?) 1967”], Αρχαιολογικόν Δελτίον 31 (1976), Α ́, 325–51; eadem, “Θήβα:
10ος–14ος αιώνας. Η νομισματική μαρτυρία από την Αγία Τριάδα” [“Thebes: 10th–14th Centuries:
The Numismatic Evidence from the Holy Trinity”], Σύμμεικτα 11 (1997), 113–37; eadem, “Θήβα
6ος–15ος αιώνας. Η νομισματική μαρτυρία από το Πολιτιστικό Κέντρο” [“Thebes 6th–15th
Centuries: The Numismatic Evidence from the Cultural Centre”], Σύμμεικτα 12 (1998), 141–70;
Julian Baker, “Coin Circulation in Early 14th Century Thessaly and South-Eastern Mainland
Greece,” in Χρήμα και Αγορά στην εποχή των Παλαιολόγων [Money and Market in the Age of the
Palaiologoi], ed. Nikos G. Moschonas, (Athens, 2003), pp. 293–336.