The Caucasus Group and Japan Ë 147
Fig. 6.2.Lieutenant Colonel Shigeki Usui, 1938.
casus group, while Azerbaijanis such as Sultanov (whom, as discussed above, Kanda
reportedly had won over) and Khalil bey Khasmammadov (1873–1947, former minis-
ter of internal aairs and justice of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, subsequently
ambassador of Azerbaijan to Ottoman Turkey) worked with the group around the jour-
nal. Both were bitterly opposed to the Musavat Party of Mammad Amin Rasulzade
(who worked with the Promethean movement). Two Muslim Ossetians, Alikhan Kan-
temir (1886–1963, see p. 114) in Turkey and Tambi Elekhoti (1886–1952) in Paris, a
lawyer and former president of the Revolutionary-Insurrectionary Committee of Os-
setia who fought against the Whites and the Reds in the Civil War, worked closely
with Bammat on the journalKavkaz.⁷⁶In early 1937, the journal began publication
in the Turkish language under the titleKafkas almanağı, but in May it was banned
under pressure from Moscow.⁷⁷From June, theKavkazbegan publishing in Georgian
76 Mamoulia,Les combats indépendandistes des Caucasiens, 202–204.
77 Kavkaz, 1937, no. 5 (41), 38.