22 Ë The Russo-Japanese War
Fig. 2.5.Artshil Dzhordzhadze (beginning of the twentieth century).
view he held of Georgians in general just quoted is unknown.) Akashi’s list included
double agents such as “Dikanskii” (the famous E.F. Azef of the Socialist Revolutionary
Party’s terrorist units) and Father Gapon (G.A. Gapon), organizer of a peaceful demon-
stration in St. Petersburg on 9 January 1905 that was crushed in a bloody massacre,
events that became known as Bloody Sunday and that led to the 1905 Revolution in
Russia.
Together, Akashi and Zillicaus pursued two routes to subvert the Russian gov-
ernment. One was the uni cation of opposition parties, the other violent demonstra-
tions and armed uprising. Tokyo gave some nancial support for organizing a meet-
ing of the opposition parties in Paris for the purpose of uniting them. This conference
took place in September–October 1904, with eight parties taking part: the Union of
Liberation, the Polish National League, the “Finnish opposition,” the Socialist Rev-
olutionaries, the Polish Socialist Party, the Georgian Socialist Federalist Revolution-
Universali, 2010), 30–31; and A. Dzhordzhadze, “La Géorgie et la Fédération du Caucase,”Géorgie,
politique et sociale(Paris), 1903, no. 4, 1–2. Shortly after the party formed, the young Stalin wrote
a scathing attack on the Socialist-Federalists. See I.V. Stalin,Sochineniiavol. 1 (Moscow: Politizdat,
1946), 32–55.