Mothers and Children. Jewish Family Life in Medieval Europe - Elisheva Baumgarten

cantilles, 99, 217n.40
Carolingian period, 5, 6, 57–58, 61, 81, 106
Catherine of Sienna, 134
Causae et curae, 46. See also Hildegard of
Bingen
celibacy, 13, 25, 27
charms. See amulets and charms; demons
charity, 103, 131–33, 167
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 178
child brides, 19
childbirth. Seebirth
childcare, 9, 14–15, 20, 119, 144, 158, 177–
78, 184, 188–89; 225n.77
children and childhood, 2–4, 13–15, ages of,
161; attitudes toward, 121, 164–65; and
Jewish studies, 14–15, 121; obligations of,
toward parents, 155–58; and religious ob-
servance, 186–87
christening cloth, 107
Church, 49–50, 106–9, 160
churching (Kirchengang, Aussegnung), 101,
105–10; liturgy, 108, 218n.59; and Shabbat
Yez.iat haYoledet, 110–15
circumcisers, 46, 51, 54, 62, 63–65, 80 185;
female circumcisers, 65, 88
circumcision, 16, 53, 78–79, 92, 94, 98, 100–
102, 110, 116, 173, 187; anthropological
approaches, 55–56; and baptism, 55, 59,
64, 79–83; liturgy of, 56–57, 61; as male
ritual, 87; mothers’ and women’s role in,
56, 77–78, 83, 207n.8; and naming, 63;
participants in, 62–79; as religious obliga-
tion, 55
Closson, Monique, 2
clothing, 102, 118
Cohen (of Aaronic descent), 150, 173
Cohen, Esther, 9
Cohen, Jeremy, 25–27
Cohen, Miriam, 14
communion, 138
conception, 29–30, 32, 166
confession, 52
conjugal obligations, 26
contraception, 145–47, 200n.45, 229n.135,
230n.145. See also birth control
conversion, 51–52, 136–38, 139, 160–61,
181–82, 228n.118
co-parents, 58–59, 76, 80–83, 100
courts, 149, 230n.161
cradles, 93, 177, 223n.27, 237n.117
crib death, 121, 176–78

cripples, 159, 174

custody, 159, 171. See also guardianship

Davis, Natalie Zemon, 111

Day of Atonement. See Yom Kippur

death: at childbirth, 39–41, 53–54, 109; of

children, 2, 102, 119, 121, 127, 139, 151,

165–69, 170–71, 181–82; and circumci-

sion, 64

demography, 18, 120–21, 135, 224n.48

demons, 93, 98, 109–10, 113, 116, 215n.5,

220n.82. See also amulets and charms;

streya;witchcraft

Dinah, 29, 203n.107

divorce, 37–38, 100, 147, 159, 169, 202n.78,

230n.150; divorcée, 123–24, 127, 148–53,

171, 185

Douglas, Mary, 86

dowry, 84–85

education, 1, 18, 123, 127, 138, 160–61,

198n.6; age for beginning, 160, 184; of

boys, 16, 90, 184; as father’s obligation,

162–63; of girls, 22, 184

Egypt, 39, 41

Eilberg-Schwartz, Howard, 56

Einbinder, Susan, 187

Elh.anan b. Isaac, 50, 140–41

Eleazar b. Judah, 142, 166.

Eleazer b. Joel haLevi (Ra’aviah: Sefer

Ra’aviah), 31, 35–36

Eliezer b. Nathan (Ra’aban: Even haEzer),

33–34, 129, 229n.128, 231n.161

Elijah, 62; Elijah’s chair, 57, 69

Emanuel, Simh.a, 141

embryology, 21, 28–29, 41–42, 157

England, 6, 91, 107–9

Ephraim of Regensburg, 132

Esau, 42

Eucharist, 57, 167

Eve, 40–41, 117

excommunication, 136

Falaise, 148

fasting, 77–78, 88, 123, 162, 168, 176–77,

204n.122, 237n.115; and women, 88

fathers and fatherhood, 3, 120, 125, 155–58;

and circumcision, 63–64, 67; obligations

toward, 138, 155–58; paternal love, 158–

65

Feast of Purification, 106–8

270 INDEX