Jacob b. Gershom haGozer (the circumciser),
46, 63, 71, 72, 75, 77
Jacob b. Meir (Rabbenu Tam), 35, 88, 147,
148–54, 159–60, 170, 181–82, 206n.169,
211n.64, 226n.87, 233n.31
Jacob b. Moses Mulin (Maharil), 63, 67, 72,
75–76, 77, 113, 119, 164
Jacob Savra haCohen of Krakow, 150
Jacobus de Voragine (Golden Legend), 106
Jacob Weil, 215n.1
Jephte, 178, 180, 238n.128
Jerusalem, 106
Jesus Christ, 26, 49, 59, 106, 134, 211n.87
Jewish-Christian relations, 7–9, 11, 16, 27,
100, 120, 143–44, 160–61, 184, 188–89;
and medicine, 49–52, 140–41; and
polemics, 8, 24–28, 59–61, 113–16
Joel Ibn Falquera (Sefer Z.ori haGuf), 45
John, 59, 207n.10
Jordan River, 59
Joseph b. Moses (Sefer Leket Yosher), 76
Joseph Bekhor Shor of Orleans, 149, 155–56,
231n.165
Joseph Juspa Hahn Neurlingen (Sefer Yosef
Omez.), 96, 113
Joshua, 59
Judah, 42; and Tamar, 39
Judah b. Asher, 51
Judah b. Isaac, 160
Judah b. Nathan (Riban), 127
Judah b. Samuel the Pious (H.asid), 23, 47,
53, 154, 163–64, 168, 173. See also Sefer
H.asidim
Judaizers, 109
Juspa Hahn Kashman, 113
Juspa Shammes of Worms, 101, 117–18
Jussen, Bernhard, 82, 84
kaddish, 102
Kalonimus haZaken, 225n.73
Kanarfogel, Ephraim, 14
Karant-Nunn, Susan, 111
Katz, Jacob, 10
ketubbah, 34–36, 164, 171
Kiddush haShem, 178, 179–83
Kindbettand Kindbetterin, 53, 76, 107, 186
Kirchengang, Aussegnung. See churching
Klalei haMila. SeeJacob b. Gershom and
Gershom b. Jacob
Klapich-Zuber, Christiane, 4, 58–59, 120–
21, 139
Köln, 27
Konrad of Megenburg, 221n.3
Koran, 126
Krakow, 150, 170labor, division of, 154, 157–58, 160, 185
language, 8, 42, 193n.35
Leah (the Matriarch), 24
leprosy, 203n.96
Lett, Didier, 2
Lichtmess, 106, 220n.101
Likutei haPardes, 41
Lilith, 49, 98–100, 110, 113, 117, 217n.36,
221n.103
Linder, Amnon, 226, nn. 88 and 89
liturgy, 56, 61, 93, 108, 207n.8
living conditions, 18–19, 177
London, 142, 173
Löw Leopold, 101, 207n.4, 217n.43
Lublin, 96
lullabies, 137
lying-in period, 53, 102–5, 107, 111–13,
219n.69Mah.zor Vitry, 62, 64–66, 70–72, 77, 93–94,
99, 100, 127, 209n.38
Maccabbean Era, 165
Maccabbees, books of, 65, 180
Maimonides, 26–27, 173
Mainz, 6, 182
Marcus, Ivan, 9, 16, 113, 186–87
marketplace, 19
marriage, 3, 7, 12, 25–26, 30, 38, 61, 81, 83–
85, 123, 196n.60, 217n.48; and infertility,
30–31; and monetary payments, 84–85
martyrs, 165, 178–83
Mary, 28, 41, 48–49, 52, 97, 106–11, 114–
15, 134, 157–58, 178, 219n.66, 220n.101,
238n.124, 239n.143; Marian devotion, 26,
106, 114–15
Massekhet Smah.ot, 168
Matriarchs, 49. See also Sarah, Rebecca,
Rachel, Leah
medicine, 7, 9, 13, 32, 44, 50–52, 65, 125,
133, 137, 140–41, 155
Mefiboshet, 233n.21
Meir b. Barukh of Rothenburg (Maharam),
36, 38, 67–68, 71–72, 75–76, 86–88, 90–
91, 132, 138, 173, 176–77, 187, 212n.89
Menah.em Ibn Zerah.(Sefer Z.eidah
laDerekh), 225n.77
Menah.hem b. Jacob, 132
menstruation and menstrual purity, 40, 47,