262 • BIBLIogRAPHY
Levy, Lisa Lital. “Jewish Writers in the Arab East: Literature, History, and the
Politics of Enlightenment, 1863– 1914.” PhD dissertation, University of
California, Berkeley, 2007.
Levy, Richard S. Antisemitism:AHistoricalEncyclopediaofPrejudiceandPersecu-
tion. Santa Barbara: ABC- CLIo, 2005.
Lewis, Bernard.ThePoliticalLanguageofIslam. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1988.
———. RaceandSlaveryintheMiddleEast:AnHistoricalEnquiry. New York:
oxford University Press, 1990.
———. SemitesandAnti-Semites:AnInquiryintoConflictandPrejudice. New
York: Norton, 1999.
Libson, gideon. “Halakhah and Reality in the gaonic Period: Taqqanah, Min-
hag, Tradition and Consensus: Some observations.” In TheJewsofMedie-
valIslam:Community,Society,andIdentity, edited by Daniel Frank, 67– 99.
New York: E. J. Brill, 1995.
———. JewishandIslamicLaw:AComparativeStudyofCustomduringtheGeonic
Period. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003.
Likhovski, Assaf.LawandIdentityinMandatePalestine. Studies in Legal History.
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.
Lockman, Zachary. ComradesandEnemies:ArabandJewishWorkersinPalestine,
1906–1948. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
———. ContendingVisionsoftheMiddleEast:TheHistoryandPoliticsofOriental-
ism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Maccoby, Hyam, ed.JudaismonTrial:Jewish-ChristianDisputationsintheMiddle
Ages. Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1982.
Maimonides, Moses.Sefermishnehtorah, edited by Yosef Kafaḥ, vol. 1. Jerusa-
lem: Mekhon mishnat ha- Rambam, 1983.
———. Zeraʿim. Mishnah:ʿimperushRabeinuMoshehBenMaimon, edited by
Yosef. Kafaḥ. Jerusalem: Hoẓaʾat mosad ha- Rav Kook, 1963.
Maimuni, David ben Abraham.Pirkeiavot:ʿimperushoshelRabeinuDaṿidha-
Nagid,zaẓal,nekhedha-Rambam,zaẓal,MidrashDavid, edited by Ben Ẓiyon
ben Yeshʿayah Krinfis. Jerusalem: Mekhon ha- ketav, 1991.
Makaryus, Shahin.Tārīkhal-isrāʾīliyyīn. Cairo: al- Muqtaṭaf, 1904.
Makdisi, Ussama Samir. ArtilleryofHeaven:AmericanMissionariesandtheFailed
ConversionoftheMiddleEast. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008.
———. TheCultureofSectarianism:Community,History,andViolenceinNineteenth-
CenturyOttomanLebanon. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
Malūl, Nisīm.Kitābasrāral-yahūd. Vol. 1. N.p., 1911.
Mandel, Neville J.TheArabsandZionismbeforeWorldWarI. Berkeley: Univer-
sity of California Press, 1976.
———. “ottoman Policy and Restrictions on Jewish Settlement in Palestine:
1881– 1908: Part I.” MiddleEasternStudies 10, no. 3 (1974): 312– 32.
———. “ottoman Practice as Regards Jewish Settlement in Palestine: 1881–
1908.” MiddleEasternStudies 11, no. 1 (1975): 33– 46.
Mannāʿ, ʿAdil.Aʿlāmfilasṭīnfīawākhiral-ʿahdal-ʿuthmānī(1800–1918). 2nd ed.
Beirut: Muʾassasat ad- Dirāsāt al- Filasṭīniyya, 1995.