270 • INDEx
Arab Hebrews, 111–12. See also Arab
Jews
Arabic: and Islamic religious terminology,
211; knowledge of among Jews, 36–38,
50, 103, 187–90, 200; literacy in, 49,
193; and N. Malul, 233; as mark of
identity vs. Hebrew, 236; and military
conscription, 107, 108; and Sephardic
Zionists, 9; and Sephardim vs. Ashkena-
zim, 127; Zionist literacy in, 187–90;
and Zionists, 233
Arabic journals, 9, 12, 26–28. See also
al-Hilāl (The Crescent); al-Manār (The
Beacon); al-Muqtaṭaf (The Digest)
Arabic press, 187, 232; as anti-Zionist, 9,
106, 127–28, 129, 187, 190, 192, 231–
32; Christian-edited, 6n11; letters to
editors by Zionists in, 194; and
N. Malul, 231–32; and Nassar, 231,
232; and Ottoman ethnic and religious
communities, 196; Zionist attempts to
influence, 9, 10, 11, 186–87, 191–95
Arabic readers/speakers, 12, 188; and
Arabic journals, 135; Christian, 35,
210; Greek Orthodox, 33; Jewish, 36–
38, 50, 103, 187–90, 200; Karaites as,
112, 113; and M. R. al-Khalidi, 7, 49–
50; and Moyal, 77, 200, 210; Muslim,
32, 35, 210–15; mustaʿribūn, 36; Se-
phar dic, 9, 188–89, 192; Zionist at-
tempts to influence, 10, 197
Arab Jews, 36–38. See also Arab Hebrews
Arab Office, 244–45
Arab Revolt, 240
Arabs, 75, 92; benefit of Jewish immigra-
tion for, 128; and Ben-Zvi, 123–25; bor-
ders of identity of, 111–12; conquest by,
15, 40, 124; and fear of Jews, 184; and
fellahin, 124–25; in ha-Ḥerut, 102, 103;
and historically good relations with
Jews, 149–50; inexpensive labor of, 76;
and intellectual interchange with Jews,
46; Ishmael as ancestor of, 145; Jews as
living among, 144; Jews as proof of po-
tential of, 146–49; Jews in land of before
Islam, 149, 150; and Jews of Yathrib,
231; Jews tolerated by, 158; Jews under
rule of, 149–50, 158; and M. R. al-Khal-
idi, 40; and Kremer, 105; and language
and translation, 185, 186; loyalty of, 35;
and N. Malul, 222; and Mandate for
Palestine, 244; medieval, 143; and Mid-
dle Eastern-born Jews, 114; and nation-
alism, 3; nationalist nonsectarian notion
of identity of, 239; Palestinian identity
among, 3, 7, 18, 35, 75, 235–37; popu-
lation of, 32; and race, 13, 140, 141; as
racially linked with Jews, 6, 133, 143–
50, 240; and Radler-Feldmann, 93; Se -
ph ar dic vs. Ashkenazic attitudes toward,
126–30; tolerance as quality of, 158, 159;
views of Zionism of (see under Zionism);
as workers, 122; in ha-Ẓevi/ha-Or, 102–3.
See also Christian Arabs; Muslim Arabs;
Palestinians (Palestinian Arabs)
Arafat, Yasser, 50n40
Argentina, 90, 91–92, 143
al-Arish, 90
Armenia, 242
Armenian Orthodox, 33
Armenians, 20
Arslan, Muhammad, 109n62
Aryans, 141
Ashkenazim, 34, 36, 37, 103; and Arabic
literacy, 188; attitude toward Arabs,
126–30; and Christian intolerance, 120;
and creation of Arabic newspaper, 197–
98; First Aliyah, 95, 96, 100; and ha-
Ḥerut, 97–98, 105; and literacy in Ara-
bic, 193; Second Aliyah, 96; and
Sephardim, 100, 105, 195; and Zionists’
self-conceptions, 94. See also Jews
asqāmah, 60–64, 66, 69, 70, 91
Assembly of Notables, 62
assimilationism, 195–96, 197
Auerbach, Elias, 139n26
Austria, 29, 183
Austro-Hungarian Empire, 242–43
Ayalon, Ami, 135Babylonia, 82
Babylonian exile, 164, 225