Earl Jeffrey Richards
[See also: JEANNE D’ARC; MENAGIER DE PARIS]
Tuetey, Alexandre, ed. Le journal d’un bourgeois de Paris. Paris: Champion, 1881. [Based on the
Vatican (Reg. Lat. 1923) and Paris manuscripts (B.N., Collection Dupuy 375; B.N. fr. 10145;
3480).]
Shirley, Janet, trans. A Parisian Journal, 1405–1449. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968. [From the Vatican
manuscript with supplements from the Aix manuscript (Collection Méjanes, MS 316).]
JUGE-MAGE
. Judicial officer in Languedoc. The development of Roman law in Languedoc in the 12th
century prepared the way for an administration of justice dispensed by trained jurists
distinct from the other functionaries of secular government. With the installation of royal
authority in 1226, this judicial administration received organization and a hierarchy of
judges, at the head of which appear senior judicial officers in attendance upon the courts
of the seneschals. The earliest of these officers, bearing the title judex senescalli, appear
in the seneschalsy of Beaucaire in 1240 and in that of Carcassonne in 1253. By 1256, the
judge of the seneschal of Beaucaire had assumed the name juge-mage (judex major
senescalli). The title was adopted at Carcassonne in 1269 and subsequently in the
seneschalsies of Toulouse, Rouergue, and Quercy. The juge-mage possessed appellate
jurisdiction over the courts of the juges-ordinaires and also the exercise of immediate
jurisdiction in cases of high justice or of unusual importance in the seneschalsy. He
served as a principal counselor to the seneschal and might on occasion act as lieutenant of
that officer.
Alan Friedlander
[See also: JUGE-ORDINAIRE; LAW AND JUSTICE]
Dognon, Paul. Les institutions politiques et administratives du pays de Languedoc du XIII siècle
aux guerres de religion. Toulouse: Privat, 1895.
Rogozinski, Jan. “Ordinary and Major Judges.” Studia Gratiana 15(1972):591–611.
Strayer, Joseph R. Les gens de justice de Languedoc sous Philippe le Bel. Toulouse: Association
Marc Bloch, 1970.
JUGE-ORDINAIRE
. Judicial officer in Languedoc. The title of judex ordinarius, deriving from Roman legal
procedure, entered the administrative framework of the French monarchy in the 14th
century through the usages of ecclesiastical justice. In the definition of the church, it
denoted a judge possessing full competence over cases falling within the area of his
authority, as the bishop within his diocese. It came, in the secular sphere, to designate
judges of the courts of first instance within the royal seneschalsies of Beaucaire,
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