Toulon, Marian relics at, 743
Toulouse, 301, 302, 364, 400, 505, 593, 819, 913–15, 930, 964, 986
Council of, 475
counts of, 520, 825, 913
university of, 488, 520, 940
Touraine, See Tours/Touraine
Tourant, Johannes, 248
Tournai, 351, 422, 901, 915
tournament romances, 916
tournaments, 219, 444, 509, 795, 915–16
Tournoi de Chauvency (Jacques Bretel), 916
Tournoiement Antécrist (Huon de Méry), 339, 467, 483, 780
Tournoiement des dames (Huon d’Oisy), 468
Tournus, 916–17
Tours, Council of, 371, 475, 678, 754
Tours/Touraine, 110, 113, 157, 308, 364, 419, 605, 917–18
towers, 108, 257, 547, 814
town seal, 244
towns, 918–19
townspeople, as social order (estate), 324
Tract (part of the Mass), 599
Tractatus (Gilles Li Muisis), 543
Tractatus adversos Petrobrusianos haereticos (Peter the Venerable), 722, 726
Tractatus contra astrologus conjunctionistas de eventibus futurorum (Henry of Langenstein), 444
Tractatus de diversis figuris (Philippus de Caserta), 315–16, 645, 734
Tractatus de diversis materiis predicabilibus (Étienne de Bourbon), 326, 806
Tractatus de diversitatum infirmitatum (Arnaud de Villeneuve), 606
Tractatus de donis Spiritu Sancti (Étienne de Bourbon), 326
Tractatus de ecclesiae autoritate (Pierre D’Ailly), 286
Tractatus de musica (Jerome of Moravia), 644
Tractatus de Primo Principio (John Duns Scotus), 309
Tractatus de purgatorio sancti Patricii (Hugh or Henry of Saltrey), 589
Tractatus de schismate (Francesco de Zabarella), 250
Tractatus de tonis (Pierre de la Croix), 737
Tractatus super reformatione ecclesiae (Pierre D’Ailly), 286
trade:
Atlantic, 919
between England and Bruges, 150
book, 940
Cross-Channel, 919
food, 359–360, 986
foreign, established in Aquitaine during 11th and 12th centuries, 56
fraud in, 369
fur, 956
guilds, 337, 887
importance of Poitiers for, 747
Mediterranean, 607, 635, 765
routes, 919
textile, 151, 279, 392, 720, 788, 823, 903–905, 986
urban, 751
of Vikings, 956
women in, 986
Index 2019