Les belles fleurs de Tulle et rhétorique
N’ont point rendu exemptz d’exil mortelCeulx qu’ont instruitz.
This reserve regarding death, so different from contemporary popular accounts, shows
that the Grands Rhétor-iqueurs, with their rhetorical self-consciousness, could steer
between thematic commonplaces and popular stereotypes and still achieve an “original”
effect.
The Arts de seconde rhétorique, composed in the wake of the poetic works of the
Grands Rhétoriqueurs, formalize many of their practices and provide valuable evidence
for the intersection of literary theory and practice.
Earl Jeffrey Richards
[See also: ARTS DE SECONDE RHÉTORIQUE; CRÉTIN, GUILLAUME;
GRINGORE, PIERRE; MESCHINOT, JEAN; MOLINET, JEAN; SAINT-GELAYS,
OCTAVIEN DE]
Zumthor, Paul, ed. Anthologie des grands rhétoriqueurs. Paris: Union Générale d’Éditions, 1978.
James, Laurence. “L’objet poétique des grands rhétoriqueurs.” In Mélanges de langue et de
littérature médiévales offerts à Alice Planche, ed. Maurice Accarie and Ambroise Queffelec.
Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1984, pp. 225–34.
Martineau-Génieys, Christine. Le thème de la mort dans la poésie française de 1450 à 1550. Paris:
Champion, 1978, pp. 319–51, 429–37.
Zumthor, Paul. Le masque et la lumière: la poétique des grands rhétoriqueurs. Paris: Seuil, 1978.
GRANDSON
. At Grandson, on Lake Neuchâtel in the Swiss canton of Vaud, Charles the Bold, duke of
Burgundy, was attacked on March 3, 1476, by 20,000 troops from a score of mostly
Swiss towns. Hoping to lure the advancing pikemen into a trap, Charles withdrew his
forces in the center. His infantry on the flanks, who should have enveloped the Swiss,
misread the maneuver and broke ranks, then fled in panic when they saw another Swiss
column approaching. Its losses were relatively light, but in the rout the Burgundian army
abandoned considerable booty to the Swiss.
John Bell Henneman, Jr.
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