Richthofen, Baron Ferdinand von 135
robberyseepredatory activities
Roman Empire and Romans 10, 74–83,
118; Arabia 102; Ceylon 107; China
109, 131, 136; Indian Ocean 88–90, 93,
96 – 97, 99; Kushan Empire 128;
Southeast Asia 111, 113, 119
rubies 95, 107, 115
Russia 71, 75, 80, 126
Saba and Sabaeans 100– 101
Sahara Desert 75, 138– 39
Sahura 45
salt 8, 16, 100, 116, 121, 124, 139
sandals 47, 57
sandalwood 95, 115
Sangara 86
Saone River 69
sapphires 37, 95
Sarane 100
Sardinia: metals 55, 66; Mycenaeans 58;
obsidian 20; Phoenician inscriptions on
65
SargonseeAkkadian Empire
Sassanian Empire 118
Sasu 100
scarabs 42, 57
Scotland 16
Scythia and Scythians 110, 126–27;see also
Shakas
seals 7, 34–35, 37, 41, 54, 57, 115, 134
Seine River 69, 76
Seneca the Elder 136
Senegal River 66
Serica and the Seres 111, 121, 127, 136
sericultureseesilk
Sesatai 122– 23
Shahr-i-Sokhta 38–39, 134
Shakas 106, 128;see alsoScythia and
Scythians
Shang dynasty 122
Shanxi 134
Sheba (Saba), Queen of 49–50, 63
sheep 78, 80, 122, 133
shells 15, 17, 40, 85, 111, 117, 122, 143;
see alsotortoise shell
Shengdu 123, 131
Sheshonq 50
Shetland Islands 69
ship and boat construction 137; Chinese
140; Egyptian 41, 47–48; European 69,
141; Greek 67; Hellenistic period 73;
Indian Ocean 85–86, 89; Mesopotamian
32; Phoenician 63; Rhodes 78
shipwrecks 8, 75–76, 84, 87;see also
Uluburun shipwreck
Shizi 121
Shortughai 39
Siberia 6, 75, 111, 126; fur source 106,
122; gold source 97, 113, 122
Sichuan 122– 23
Sicily 20–21, 68; Carthage wars 66; Greeks
72, 74; Mycenaeans 58; Phoenicians 65;
Roman Empire 77–78; wine 80
Sidon 46, 63– 64
Sierra Leone 66
Silesia 20
silk 77, 94–95, 128, 131; Bactria 134; as
China’s most important export 122, 124;
India 106–8; Roman Empire 136;
sericulture 135, 138; Southeast Asia 113,
115, 117
Silk Road 118, 120, 129, 136, 143; and
Incense Road 101; maritime version 113,
115, 118, 139; under Mongol Empire
139; name 135; opening of 134– 35
silver 8, 25, 35, 41, 46, 49, 71; Americas
141; Arabian coast 104; China 122, 136,
141; Funan 115; Old Assyrian-
Cappadocian system 29–31; Phoenicians
64 – 65; Roman Empire 78, 81, 98; Troy
59 – 60; Uluburun shipwreck 55
Sima Qian 11–12, 124, 135; frontier trade
122; Great Wall 128; Lu Buwei 123;
Xiongnu and Yuezhi 127, 130– 31
Sinae 110– 11
Sinai 40
skinsseehides
slaves 8, 47, 60–61, 69; Arabia 91; Black
Sea export 59, 71; Champa source 116;
Dioscarides import 104; India import 106;
Phoenicians 63, 65; Roman Empire 79–82;
Scythians export 126; Somali coast export
103; West Africa export 139
Slovakia 20
Sogdiana 134
Solomon 49– 50
Song dynasty 117
Somalia 44, 90–91, 93, 96, 102
South Africa 14
South China Sea 84–85, 111–12, 114, 116,
121
Southeast Asia 6, 11, 46, 75, 118, 140;
Africa 84; China 113, 115, 117–18;158 Index