Burnt by the Sun. The Koreans of the Russian Far East - Jon K. Chang
Notes to Pages 156–159 235
- Viktor Li, Interview 2 by Jon Chang, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, August 7, 2009.
- V. D. Kim, Pravda polveka spustia, 129.
- Natsuka Oka, “The Korean Diaspora in Nationalizing Kazakhstan: Strategies for
Survival as an Ethnic Minority,” in “Korean Soryam: Koreans in the former USSR,” ed.
German N. Kim and Ross King, special issue, Korean and Korean- American Studies Bulletin
12, no. 2/3 (2001): 112n29.
- Doc. 53, as cited in Li and Kim, Belaia kniga, 115.
- V. D. Kim, Pravda polveka spustia, 76.
- Li and Kim, Belaia kniga, 88, 90, 111, 1 32.
- Eighty- five and a half percent of the RFE Koreans were living in rural areas in
1923; see Table 4.
- Document NKVD officer Meer to Ezhov as cited in V. D. Kim, Pravda polveka
spustia, 76–77. Meer was an assistant to Lushkov, who headed the Korean deportation for
the NKVD. Pravda polveka spustia is a document collection that incorporated Rus sian and
Uzbek Soviet archives.
- Ediev, Demograficheskie poteri deportirovannikh narodov SSSR, 302. Ediev did not
state how the additional 10 percent population loss was calculated and by which year the
10 percent deficit was reached.
- Gelb, “Early Soviet Ethnic Deportation,” 390n5.
- As Stepan Kim asserted earlier, there was a 1935 “trial run” of deporting around
1,200 Koreans to Central Asia. Thus my hypothesis is that the population of Soviet Kore-
ans on North Sakhalin increased until sometime in 1935.
- NARA rg 59, t1249, roll 75, pp. 37–39. The Soviets hired workers from outside of
Sakhalin to prevent espionage. When the workers were fired, the concessions ran at partial
capacity. Japan needed the resources; the USSR needed the hard currency. In 1939, there
were continued disputes about the North Sakhalin concessions. See NARA files, both
archived/stored and online (Fold 3). Note that Sakhalin was also spelled Saghalien. There
are vari ous newspaper articles on these disputes as well.
- Kuzin, Dalnevostochnye Koreitsy, 156, 164. Page 164 lists the total number of Ko-
rean deportees from North Sakhalin in October 1937 as 1,155. Page 156 lists the North
Sakhalin last census of 1932 as having a population of 3,200 Soviet Koreans.
- See NARA, T1249, rg 59, roll 75, frames 60–61, regarding the labor ratios on
the North Sakhalin concessions.
- Ms. Nigai did not state the amount of her stipend, but other Koreans interviewed
said that the average student stipend during korenizatsiia was 30–50 rubles per month.
- RGIA- DV- f. p-61, op. 1, d. 342, ll. 16–17, noted that there was a Ivan Nigai who
was on the Poset District (raion) Executive Committee in 1923. This fits the general description
of Raisa Nigai’s grand father, although it cannot be completely confirmed that this was him.
- During the taped interview Nigai said that their neighbor was a man named Ural
who was head of the local NKVD in Shkotovo. Assuming that one could not just live next to
the NKVD chief accidentally, it seems safe to assume that theirs was a Soviet cadre family.
- Khisamutdinov, Rus sian Far East, 120. Earlier, we named Khan Chan Gol as the
highest ranking Korean NKVD officer. From an anonymous source, I was informed that a Van
In Zi was the head of the Chinese regiments of the NKVD which carried out the Chinese de-
portations in 1937–1938. Van is the Rus sian transliteration for the surname Wang in Chinese.
- Suturin, Delo kraevogo masshtaba, 188–89. Sergei Kim stated that many of these Ko-
rean elites were in fact sent to the Komi ASSR and executed there. Kim spent three years in the
Soviet Labor Army in Ukta, Komi ASSR (1943–1945) as a general carpenter and lumberjack.
