Honored by the Glory of Islam. Conversion and Conquest in Ottoman Europe

of sets of Janissary clothing in the residence of the patriarch. During the uprisings and

fi res in Istanbul in the 1 650s, “strong infi dels wore Janissary dress and caps and looted,

daring to betray and harm Muslims.”

1 20. Ibid., 5:320–2 1.

121. Ibid., 4:397, 5:304.

1 22. Topkapı Palace Museum Archive, Arzlar (Writs) E. 7002/ 1 through E.

7002/86.

1 23. Topkapı Palace Museum Archive, Arzlar, E. 7002/83.

1 24. Naima, Tarih-i Naima, 5:420.

chapter 3

1. Michael Cook, Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought

(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 1 3– 1 4.

2. Ibid., 473, 476, 67.


3. Rambo, Understanding Religious Conversion, 66.


4. Naima, Tarih-i Naima, 5:54–59, 6:227–4 1 ; Lewis Thomas, A Study of Naima,
   ed. Norman Itzkowitz (New York: New York University Press, 1 972), 1 06– 1 0.


5. Katip Çelebi, Fezleke, 2: 1 82.


6. Tarikat Muhammadiye and Risāle-i Birgili Mehmed, respectively.


7. Katip Çelebi, Fezleke, 2: 1 82.


8. Hurvitz, “From Scholarly Circles to Mass Movements.”


9. Halil Inalcik, The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age, 1300–1600, trans. Norman

Itzkowitz and Colin Imber (New York: Praeger, 1 973), 1 84. See Encyclopaedia Iranica, s.v.
“Amr be ma‘rūf,” by W. Madelung. The phrase al-amr bi’l-ma‘rūf wa’l-nahy ‘an al-munkar

appears several times in the Qur’an, such as 3: 11 0: “You are the best community brought
forth for mankind, enjoining what is proper and forbidding what is reprehensible and

believing in God.” Other references are found at 3: 1 04, 7: 1 57, 2 1 : 1 6, and 22:4 1 , where
the practice is seen as being equal to prayer in importance. It was institutionalized in

Islamic societies in the offi ce of the inspector of markets and morals. The Committee
for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice is the Saudi Arabian govern-

ment ministry employing religious police to enforce Shariah. The Taliban movement
in Afghanistan and Pakistan is also based on the principle of commanding right and

forbidding wrong.
1 0. Cook, Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong, 328.

11. Ibid., 32 1 –22; Inalcik, The Ottoman Empire, 1 84.
    1 2. Cook, Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong, 323–24, 325.

1 3. Madeline Zilfi , The Politics of Piety: The Ottoman Ulema in the Postclassical Age
(Minneapolis: Bibliotheca Islamica, 1 988), 1 35.

1 4. Solakzade, Tarih-i Al-i Osman, fol. 487b.
1 5. The phrase Solakzade uses is salla ‘llahu ‘aleyhi ve sellam. Solakzade, Tarih-i

Al-i Osman, fol. 487b; Fezleke, 2: 1 82; Silahdar, Tarih-i Silahdar, 1 :58. The followers of
Kadızade and the followers of Sivasi Efendi also differed on the questions of whether

the pharaohs converted to the true faith; whether medieval Sufi Ibn al-Arabi’s grave is

270 notes to pages 60–66