Notes to Pages 18–21
Dispute: Converso Identities in Iberia and the Jewish Diaspora, 1580 – 1700 (Phila-
delphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004 ), 1 – 7 , 171 – 78.
81. Ricaut, History of the Present State of the Ottoman Empire, 147 – 54.
82. Ibid., 147 – 48.
83. Ibid., 148.
84. See Reinkowski, “Hidden Believers, Hidden Apostates,” 409 , 420 – 21 ; and
Hovann Simonian, The Hemshin: A Handbook (London: Routledge, 2006 ).
85. See Reinkowski, “Hidden Believers, Hidden Apostates,” and Bojan Alek-
sov, “Adamant and Treacherous: Serbian Historians on Religious Conversions,”
in Converting Cultures, ed. Washburn and Reinhart, 99.
86. Scholem, “Crypto-Jewish Sect of the Dönmeh,” 151.
87. Liebman, Hidden Heritage, 10.
88. Nissimi, Crypto-Jewish Mashhadis, 26 – 8. Her analysis raises a paradox,
however: how could Muslims be both so intolerant that they forced Jews to con-
vert to Islam, yet so tolerant as to overlook the obvious apostasy exhibited by the
Mashhadis? See Reinkowski, “Hidden Believers, Hidden Apostates,” 426 – 27.
89. Nissimi, Crypto-Jewish Mashhadis, 83.
90. Ilgaz Zorlu had to convert to Judaism in order to officially change his
religion. The Turkish chief rabbinate reluctantly accepted his decision. See
Ilgaz Zorlu, Evet, ben Selânikliyim: Türkiye Sabetaycılıgˇı üstüne makaleler (Is-
tanbul: Belge Yayınları, 1998 ), and Marc David Baer, “Revealing a Hidden
Community: Ilgaz Zorlu and the Debate in Turkey over the Dönme / Sab-
bateans,” Turkish Studies Association Bulletin 23 , no. 1 (Spring 1999 ): 68 – 75.
The topics of Dönme in post 1950 s Turkey and post- 1948 Israel are beyond the
subject of this book.
91. Peter van der Veer, Imperial Encounters: Religion and Modernity in India
and Britain (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001 ), 14 – 29.
92. Talal Asad, Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Chris-
tianity and Islam (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993 ), 40 – 41.
93. Sir James Porter, Observations on the Religion, Law, Government, and Man-
ners of the Turks (London, 1768 ), 2 : 40 – 41.
94. James Gelvin, “Secularism and Religion in the Arab Middle East: Rein-
venting Islam in a World of Nation-States,” in The Invention of Religion: Rethink-
ing Belief in Politics and History, ed. Derek Peterson and Darren Walhof (New
Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002 ), 122 – 23 ; Jens Hanssen, Fin de
siècle Beirut: The Making of an Ottoman Provincial Capital (New York: Oxford
University Press, 2005 ), 69 – 70 ; Eugene Rogan, Frontiers of the State in the Ot-
toman Empire: Transjordan, 1850 – 1920 (New York: Cambridge University Press,
1999 ), 197 – 201 ; and Selim Deringil, “The Struggle Against Shi‘ism in Hamidian
Iraq,” Welt des Islams 30 ( 1990 ): 45 – 62.