Notes to Pages 173–177
- Ahmet Midhat Pasha served as grand vizier from July to October 1872 ,
and again from December 1876 to February 1877. After playing a leading role
in the coup of 1876 and authoring the Ottoman constitution, he was exiled to
Arabia by Sultan Abdülhamid II in 1877 ; he died, in suspicious circumstances, at
Ta’if, near Mecca, in 1884. See Zürcher, Turkey, 384 – 85. - Galanté, Nouveaux documents sur Sabbetaï Sevi, 62.
- Apparently, the Karakaş shaved neither their heads nor their beards; the
Kapancı did not shave their heads but shaved their faces. The importance of
shaving for Dönme distinction led to the claim that all the barbers in Salo-
nika were Dönme. Ben-Tzevi, “Preface,” 74 ; Gordlevsky, “Zur Frage über die
‘Dönme,’ ” 216. - Authors from Galanté to Ortaylı have repeated the false assertion. See
Galanté, Nouveaux documents sur Sabbetaï Sevi, 63. - Vatan, January 20 , 1924 , 2.
- Vatan, January 21 , 1924 , 2.
- Ibid.
- Vatan, January 22 , 1924 , 2.
- David Hollinger, “Amalgamation and Hypodescent: The Question of
Ethnoracial Mixture in the History of the United States,” American Historical
Review 108 ( 2003 ): 1366. - See Viswanathan, Outside the Fold, 75 – 82.
- Gövsa, Sabatay Sevi, 6.
- Gövsa was a well-known writer and teacher. Zeki Gürel, İbrahim Alâettin
Gövsa, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Kültür Bakanlıgˇı, Türk büyükler dizisi (Ankara,
1995 ). See also Marc David Baer, “Osmanlı Yahudilerinin mesihi ve onun Tür-
kiye Cumhuriyetindeki izleri,” trans. Esra Özyürek, Virgül 11 (September 1998 ):
48 – 51. Gövsa authored nearly forty works of education and literature, popular
encyclopaedias and dictionaries. He is especially famous for children’s litera-
ture. He taught Turkish in a Jewish school in 1910 – 11 and was the director of
the Karakaş Dönme Makriköy [Bakırköy] Girls’ School at the beginning of the
1920 s. For over a decade, beginning in 1929 , he served in parliament, represent-
ing Rıza Nur’s Sinop as well as Istanbul, and once held the office of chief inspec-
tor in the Department of Education. He died of a heart attack on Republic Day
while writing his column for the daily Hürriyet. - Baer, “Osmanlı Yahudilerinin mesihi”; Gürel, İbrahim Alâettin Gövsa.
- Yedi Gün, no. 212 (March 31 , 1937 ): 14 – 6 , 26 ; no. 213 (April 7 , 1937 ): 11 – 2 ;
no. 214 (April 14 , 1937 ): 12 – 3 ; no. 215 (April 21 , 1937 ): 12 – 3 , and no. 216 (April
28 , 1937 ): 12 – 3 , 25. The series mainly concerned the life of Shabbatai Tzevi, with
a short section on the Dönme at the end of the last section. The book, which
was published two years later, is an expanded version of the series, bringing the