Khazaria in the 9th and 10th Centuries

Maps 15

Map 8

Fortresses, hillforts and towns in Middle Asia.

FerghanaIsmail SamaniPe

ak 74

95 m

(24,590 ft)Nowsha

k

74 85 m(24,55

7 ft)

Naga

Pa

rbat 8125 m(26,65

7 ft)

Otrar

Dzhety

asar

Iangik

ent

Ke

rder

Urgench

Sark

el Derbent

Itil

Kiat

Bukhar

a

Samarkand

Panjak

ent

Balkh

MountSikara

m

Mount Ararat 5137

m

(16,854 ft)

Dama

va d 567

0 m

(18,602 ft

)

El’brus5642 m(18,510 ft)Gora Shkhara5200 m(17,060 ft)

Merv Herat

Gorgan

Rey (T

ehran)

Baghdad

Mosul

Ural

KIR

GIZ

STEPPE

TURKIS

TA

N

JAMMU ANDKASHMĪR

TA

RIM

PENDI

3

2

1

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

12

11

13

14

15

16

17

19

20

18

Q YZYLQUM

G

ARA

GUM

DA

SHT

-E-KA

VĪR

CASPIAN

DEPRESSION

PLAT

O

USTYUR

T

Casp

ian^ Sea

Kābul

Indus

Jhelum

viRä

Chenäb

Harīrūd

Tigris

Sed-rud

Aras

Don Kura

Volg

a

Gar

agum Canal

Ar

alSea

Dary

a

Amu

Il