Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons. Classification, Typology, Chronology and Technology

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Edged Weapons 231


The development of seax blades follows the same general developmental


pattern with just some minor differences in the Avar settlement area. The dif-


ference between broad and long seaxes is not striking, and some transitional


forms are known. An interesting feature is the wide blade of the longest exam-


ples, which is not common on Merovingian seaxes. There appears to be no spe-


cific formal or metric pattern for the changes in seaxes recognisable amongst


the Avar burials.


1.4.3 Function and Burial Context


Seaxes are the most common weapons of foreign origin during the Avar Age,


though the reason for their popularity is not yet clear. The probable function


of broad and long seaxes will be discussed in the following chapter, with par-


ticular attention given to their burial contexts (belt-sets, weapon combina-


tions and horse burials) in order to achieve a better understanding for this


wide usage.


Eleven seaxes were found in burials with horses which is mainly character-


istic for long seaxes of the Late phase, but this custom had already appeared


during the Middle phase in respect of the deposition of broad seaxes.239 An


especially interesting burial is known from Kehida–Fövenyes where a long seax


was buried in a cremation burial with an inhumation of a horse. According to


its general interpretation, it was a burial of a Slavic warrior, combining the tra-


ditional Slavic burial rite of cremation with some Avar burial customs in the


case of the horse and weapon burial rite.240


The popularity of seaxes during the Late Avar period was explained by


Béla Miklós Szőke according to their having a similar function to single-edged


swords, drawing particular attention to the absence of such finds in contem-


porary Moravia, Eastern Alps, Slavonia and Dalmatia, where the spathae were


239 This burial rite is mainly characteristic to the northern and western periphery of the
Avar Qaganate: Bernolákovo–Sakoň grave No. 53 (Kraskovská 1962, 436–437; Obr. 11.
Tab. XI/5); Bratislava–Devinska Nová Ves–A–Tehel’ňa grave No. 124 (Eisner 1952, 41–42,
Obr. 19/5); Bratislava–Devinska Nová Ves–A–Tehel’ňa grave No. 412 (Eisner 1952, 94–95, Obr.
47/1); Bratislava–Devinska Nová Ves–A–Tehel’ňa grave No. 524 (Eisner 1952, 119–120, Obr.
71/1); Bratislava–Devinska Nová Ves–A–Tehel’ňa grave No. 840 (Eisner 1952, 180, Obr. 85/1);
Komárno–6 Hadovce grave No. 24 (Čilinská 1982, 361; T. XVII/1); Komárno–8 Shipyard
grave No. 78 (Trugly 1987, 268. Abb. 8. Taf. XX/6); Valalíky–Všechsvätých grave No. 42
(Pástor 1982, 307–308, Obr. 11/1); Valalíky–Všechsvätých grave No. 84 (Pástor 1982, 315,
Obr. 16/1); Zalakomár–Lesvári dűlő grave No. 144 (Szőke 1982–83, 70–72, 1. kép; Szőke 2000,



  1. Taf. 12).
    240 Szőke 2004, 372.

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