Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons. Classification, Typology, Chronology and Technology

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236 CHAPTER 3


Pyramid-shaped pommels cast of copper alloy (fig. 86/3) are only known


from one Avar-age burial253 but this type is much more common in Europe


during the Merovingian Era.254 Identical pommels are also known from 6th


century Gepid255 and Pannonian Lombard burials.256 Such pommels found in


Merovingian cemeteries of southern Germany have been dated to the second


half of the 6th century,257 while similar pommels have been dated to around


600 and the first decades of the 7th century in the Altenerding cemetery.258


Examples from the Carpathian Basin have also been dated to the second half


of the 6th century to the beginning of the 7th century.


The Late phase is characterised by flat triangular pommels composed of two


parts: an oval iron sheet and a flat pyramidal iron pommel. Only two spathae


with similar pommels are known from Late Avar burials of the Carpathian


Basin.259


2.1.3 Hilt Caps


1 Berettyóújfalu–Nagy Bócs-dűlő (Dani – Szilágyi – Szelekovszky – Czifra –


Kisjuhász 2006, 16)—E.III.C/2.a—Middle.


2 Budapest X. Rákos, Ejtőernyőstorony grave No. 19 (Nagy 1998, I. 71–72, II.


Taf. 60)—E.II.A/1.a—Late.


3 Budapest XIV. Zugló, Tihanyi tér 6. (László 1941, 106–108, 109–112, Taf. IX–


XII; Nagy 1998, I. 116, II. Taf. 91/11–15)—Middle.


4 Čoka – Kremenjak grave No. 45 (László 1943, 66–78; Kovrig – Korek 1960,


262, Fig. 6; Dimitrijević – Kovačević – Vinski 1962, 14–15; Mrkobrad 1980,


98, 152, LXXIX/7; Simon 1991, 289)—E.II.A/1.b—Early.


5 Gátér–Vasútállomás grave No. 212 (Kada 1906, 215., 218. és c. rajz; Fettich


1926a, 8, 10, X. t. 27; Simon 1991, 292, 16. kép 20) E.II.A/1.b—Early.


6 Gyenesdiás–Algyenes, Bartók Béla és Hámán Kató utca grave No. 64


(Müller 1989, Abb. 2., 143–147, Abb. 3–5)—E.III.C/2.b—Middle.


253 Pécs–Köztemető grave No. 30 (Kiss 1977, 94–96, Pl. XXXVII/6–7); Tétény (ArchÉrt 1892,
380.1).
254 Their list: Menghin 1983, 319–321. 3. Liste, Karte 4; Losert – Pleterski 2003, Liste 514.
255 Szőreg grave No. 23 (Csallány 1961, 155, Taf. 183/5) and 68 (Csallány 1961, 161, Taf. 183/3).
256 Kajdacs (Bóna 1970–71, 61. Abb. 23/1); Pilisvörösvár (Bóna 1956, 194, Taf. 47); Szentendre
grave No. 44 (Bóna 1970–71, 59, Abb. 4/3).
257 Koch 2001, 84–85.
258 Losert – Pleterski 2003, 402.
259 Wien–XXIII. Liesing grave No. 3 (Mossler 1948, 222); Želovce grave No. 124 (Čilinská 1973,
57, Taf. XXII/16).

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