The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the 13th and 14th Centuries

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246 chapter four

broken since his troops came to plunder your lands, then you should know

that I can make peace between you.ʼ the sultan wrote to Berke, requesting

with all the force he had that he make peace.”413 another Mamluk source

goes into more detail: While the tartar army was plundering and burning

the lands around constantinople, “the emperor, who was within the walls,

fled, and sent fāris al-Dīn aqūsh al-Mas‛ūdī to the commander of Berke’s

army, to say that his country [= Byzantium] was allied with Sultan al-

Malik al-Ẓāhir [Baybars] and that the khan [Berke] was at peace with [the

emperor] because he was an ally [of the sultan]. the commander asked

for this in writing. he [= al-Mas‛ūdī] wrote this down and swore to it [add-

ing that] he remained [in constantinople] of his own free will and that

nobody had prevented him from going on to Berke. then Berke’s army left

the walls of constantinople and took sultan ‛Izz al-Dīn with them, who

had been held prisoner in one of constantinople’s fortresses. then the

emperor gave al-Mas‛ūdī all that he needed for the road [and sent him] to

Berke together with an envoy of his own with a letter, undertaking to send

three hundred brocade coats as annual tribute so that [the khan] would

support him and not invade his country. al-Mas‛ūdī went to Berke. When

he arrived, [the khan] reproached him for his late arrival, but he said: ‘the

lord of constantinople detained me.ʼ then Berke showed him the docu-

ment which he had written, and which [Berke] had from the commander

of his troops, and said: ‘I will not punish you, for al-Malik al-Ẓāhir [Bay-

bars’ sake].ʼ then sultan ‛Izz al-Dīn wrote to sultan al-Malik al-Ẓāhir and

told him everything, and also told him what had come about because of

the negligence of fāris al-Dīn aqūsh al-Mas‛ūdī.”414

although the invaders could have taken constantinople by force, while

the emperor did not have the troops to defend himself,415 it seems that the

egyptian ambassador used his good offices to persuade the tartar com-

mander to withdraw. Despite this act, tartar-Byzantine relations contin-

ued to be strained until Berke’s death and the enthronement of Möngke

temür in 1267.416

413 Ibid., pp. 52–53.
414 al-Mufaḍḍal/tiesenhausen, Sbornik, I, pp. 179–180.
415 pachymeres/Bekker, I, p. 232, canard, “un traité,” p. 217 note 2.
416 cf. canard, “un traité,” p. 219, Vernadsky, “orda,” pp. 73 ff., Laurent, “croisade,”
pp. 113–118, pljakov, “relations,” pp. 285–286, pavlov, “B”lgariya,” passim, Zakirov, Otnosh-
eniya, p. 59. around the same time, the Byzantine conflict with the Genoese came to an
end; the emperor settled them in the constantinople quarter of pera, where they quickly
put down roots (cf. papacostea, “crise,” p. 349, Balard, Romanie, I, p. 182).

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