The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the 13th and 14th Centuries

The main Chinggisid RuleRs

Great khans

Chinggis Khan d. 1227

Ögödei 1229–1241

güyük 1246–1248

möngke 1251–1259

Qubilai 1260–1294

Khans of the Golden Horde Ilkhans

Batu 1242–1256 hülegü 1261–1265

Berke 1257–1267 abaqa 1265–1282

möngke Temür 1267–1280 aḥmad Tegüder 1282–1284

Töde möngke 1280–1287 arghun 1284–1291

Töle Bugha 1287–1291 geikhatu 1291–1295

[noghai ?–1300] ghazan 1295–1304

Toqta 1291–1312 Öljeitü 1304–1316

Özbek 1313–1357 abū sa‛īd 1316–1335

Janibek 1342–1357

Toqtamïsh 1380–1395

Berdibek 1357–1362