practice wa5 evidently reintroduced under Mi.innich, but later in the century
mits were allocated a separate sum to meet the cost of these items.^31
On the credit side the soldier received a small sum for meat and salt (87
copecks per annum in 1731, 96 kopecks in 1763),^32 which was subsequently
ntegrated into his basic pay, as was the 'ration' (now usually in cash) issued to
hose NCOs who had a horse to maintain. If a unit w::i~ 5ent abroad or: c«m-
a1gn, men in the ranks received an additional 3 kopecks a day, which in a full
•ear would have more than doubled their pay.^33 There were also bonuses (or
nore correctly, ex gratia payments) for soldiers who performed some especially
1eritorious act: for example, seizing an enemy standard in battle, bringing a
1essage with unusual speed, or even doing well at drill!^34 From 1807 onward
1ose who won a medal for bravery in the field (men in the ranks had their own
ivision within the Order of St. George) received cash compensation as well:
n extra one-third of their annual pay for the first such feat, two-thirds for the
:cond, and double for the third.^35 In 1812 men of the 3rd Infantry Division
:ceived 'an unheard-of amount' (not specified, alas) at Alexander l's hands.^36
inally, certain NCOs who had served 12 years and so were qualified to
~come officers, but could not be promoted because there was no vacancy for
1em, received double pay as compensation.37 In the following analysis we
1all disregard these complications and deal with basic pay only.
Pay rates (oklady) are given in the establishment tables, although not always
full or with a clear demarcation between the constituent elements; in par-
:ular it is not always evident whether the unifdrm a9d equipment allowance
included or not. Assuming that it was not, we can say that a private soldier's
1minal pay nearly doubled over the course of the century. Rates varied bet-
:en different arms and categories of service. The pay of an infantryman in
= field forces may be taken as the norm. Among those who got more were
valrymen (especially the heavily armed carabiniers and cuirassiers and the
ssars stationed in the south), artillerymen, engineeers, and of course guards-
~n; troops in the Ukrainian land-militia and garrison units got less. In the
JOs the rates for private soldiers in the regular forces were as given in Table I.
nong NCOs, a corporal drew approximately I rouble more (gross) than a
vate in an infantry line regiment, an internal garrison regiment, or the
lrds, but over 3 roubles more in a cuirassier regiment. A sergeant or
· PSZ xliii. 5864 (28 Oct. 1731 ), Table VI; Petrov, Russkaya voyennaya si/a, ii. 167; Stein,
chichte, p. 104; von Hupel, Beschreibung, pp. 143, 145.
~ Solov'yev, 'Kratkiy isl. ocherk', p. 240; PSZ xliii. 11797 (17 Apr. 1763), p. 23.
Solov'yev, 'Kratkiy ist. ocherk', pp. 253-4 (10 Sep!. 1759).
[Shtrandmanl 'Zapiski', p. 311; [Minayevj, 'Vosp. I. Men"shago', p. 58; N. K. Shil'der, 'lz
. Mikhaylo-Danilevskogo', RS 90 (1897), p. 465: in 1817 Alexander I was so pleased with the
1dc-ground performance of one company of the Horse Artillery that he gave each private 20
each NCO 50 roubles. Such generosity surprised members of his suite, who recalled Jhat men
received a grant of only 5 roubles for fighting at Borodino.
PSZ xxix. 22455 (13 Feb. 1807). § 5; II PSZ viii (i). 6611 (6 July 1833).
Yermolov, Zapiski, p. 154.
PSZ xxx. 23009, 23378, 24015 ( 10 May 1808, Nov. 1808, Nov. 1809).