166chapter two1 gviarf, f. 400, op. 1, 1864, d. 4736, Delo “Otchet po glavnomu shtabu o
voennykh deistviiakh voisk Kavkazskoi armii,” Emigration of natives of
Kuban oblast to Turkey, l. 61.
2 “Vziatie v plen Shamilia,” Zhurnal dlia chteniia vospitannikam voenno-
uchebnykh zavedenii 142, no. 566 (15 January 1860):179.
3 Griboedov, Sochineniia, 497–519, citation from 519.
4 Lantzeff, Siberia in the Seventeenth Century, 30–87.
5 Cited in Anisimov, The Reforms of Peter the Great, 259.
6 Nolde, La formation de l’Empire russe, 2:347.
7 P.A. Tomarov, “Obzor Stavropol’skoi gubernii za 1894 g.,” zkoirgo 19
(1897):97–9; Nolde, La formation de l’Empire russe, 2:349.
8 B.V. Vinogradov, “Nekotorye aspekty Kavkazskoi politiki Pavla I,” in
Kavkazskaia voina, 183.
9 For the history of the Russian conquest of the southern borderlands, see
Nolde, La formation de l’Empire russe, vol. 2; Kappeler, La Russie, 150–63;
LeDonne, The Russian Empire and the World, 1700–1917, 89–129; Atkin,
“Russian Expansion in the Caucasus to 1813”; Atkin, Russia and Iran,
1780–1820; Kazemzadeh, “Russian Penetration of the Caucasus”;
Gammer, Muslim Resistance to the Tsar; Zelkina, In Quest for God and
Freedom, 52–74, 121–88; Kohut, Russian Centralism and Ukrainian
Autonomy; Fisher, The Crimean Tatars; Fisher, The Russian Annexation of
the Crimea, 1772–1783; Georgiev et al., Sbornik russkogo istoricheskogo
obshchestva.
10 Gammer, “Russian Strategies in the Conquest of Chechnia and Dagh-
estan, 1825–1859,” 46. For a different perspective on Ermolov, see L.V.
Shatokhina, “Politika Rossii na severo-zapadnom Kavkaze v 20–e gody
xix veka,” and Iu.Iu. Klychnikov, “Deiatel’nost’ A.P. Ermolova na sever-
nom Kavkaze (1816–1827),” in Georgiev et al., Sbornik russkogo is-
toricheskogo obshchestva, 58–83.
11 Barratt, “A Note on the Russian Conquest of Armenia (1827),” 409. The bor-
der with Ottoman Turkey was further amended after the war of 1877–78.
12 Tiflisskiia Vedomosti, no. 13 (26 September 1828):1.
13 On Georgian opposition to imperial rule, such as the noble conspiracy of
1832, see Suny, The Making of the Georgian Nation, 71–2; Jones, “Russian
Imperial Administration and the Georgian Nobility”; Kipiani, “Zapiski
Dmitriia Ivanovich Kipiani,” Russkaia Starina 50 (1886):270–2.
14 Dzidzariia, Makhadzhirstvo, 102–3; Megrelidze, Zakavkaz’e v Russko-
Turetskoi voine 1877–1878 gg., 50–2.
15 Degoev, Kavkazskii vopros v mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniiakh, 8–22.
16 spbfiv ran, f. 6, op. 1, d. 33a, Delo “V.S. Ruban: Adol’f Petrovich Berzhe,
stranitsy iz zhizni, kn. 1,” l. 317.
Notes to pages 12–14