213Russia, 54, 67-69; annexation by Russia,
66,86,89, 158; dispute with Russia and
Kars, 70; role in Russo-Iranian rivalry,
129, 131; status after 1813, 144, 153
Napoleon: 72; seeks Alexander's cooperation
in attack on India, 62-63; attitude toward
Russo-Iranian war, 129; Russia reports
his death, 131; invasion of Russia, 137,
139
Napoleonic wars, 162
Nebol'sin,89
Nesvetaev, Peter, 100
Netherlands, 26, 36
New Russia, 47
Novosil'tsev, Nicholas, 61, 62
Oil (naft), 16
Olivier, G. A., 36
Orlov, Vladimir, 5 2
Ossetes, 102
Ottoman Empire: 37; role in Eastern Cauca-
sian politics, 17,41,58; relations w ith
Russia, 52, 53, 100, 101, 160; relations
with Iran during First Russo-Iranian War,
113; war with Iran, 1821-1823, 156
Ouseley, Gore: made ambassador to Iran,
134; criticism of Iran's military Westerni-
zation, 135; financial criticism of Path
'Ali Shah, 136; role in Russo-Iranian
peace settlement, 137, 141-44; criticized
by Britain for commitments made to Iran,
154
Oxus River, 27
P'ambak, 71
Paskevich, Ivan: career and attitudes, 71;
comparison with Tsitsianov, 72; Cauca-
sian command, 158; signs treaty with
Iran, 159
Paul (tsar): recalls Zubov expedition, 42;
criticism of Zubov expedition, 45; recon-
siders Russian expansion in Caucasus and
Iran, 46, 47, 51; attitude toward Cather-
ine's officials, 48; supports Georgian ter-
ritorial claims, 50; interest in India, 52;
policy toward Caucasus, 52-57; relations
with Europe, 53; annexation of Georgia,
58, 59; death, 58, 59, 60; attempt to
conquer India, 60
Paulucci, Philip, 71, 147
Persian Gulf, 49
"Persians," 44
Peru, 27
Peter I (the Great): interest in Iran, 4; Iran-
ian campaign, 4, 5, 29; Iranian policy
compared with Catherine's, 5-7; reforms,
26; interest in Eastern trade, 27-28; cost
of involvement on Caspian coast, 61
Plague, 103-4
Poland, 23,25
Porte. See Ottoman Empire
Potemkin, Gregory: policy toward Ottoman
Empire, 23; attitude toward Caucasus,
29, 37; interest in Gilan, 34; interest in
Russia's Black Sea coast, 47; attitude
toward Armenians, 52
Potemkin, Paul, 38,44
Potto, V. A., 72, 73
Prussia, 23
Pugachev rebellion, 25Qaitaqs, 11, 12, 18
Qajars: rise to power, 9, 19; limit Russian
involvement on south coast of Caspian,
33; territorial rivalry with Russia, 43; ar-
my, 45; legitimizing ideology, 92-95;
claim to Eastern Caucasus, 163; attitude
toward territorial expansion, 164. See
also 'Abbas, Aqa Mohammad, Fath 'All,
Iran, Mohammad 'Ali
Qarabagh: 10; population, 11; conditions
since Safavi era, 13, 16, 18, 19; attitude
toward Aqa Mohammad, 20,41; relations
with Russia (eighteenth century), 30, 37-
38, 43; and Zubov campaign, 40; con-
quered by Aqa Mohammad, 55; submits
to Iran, 69; conquered by Russia, 72,86,
87-88; sides with Russia against Iran,
100; battleground in First Russo-Iranian
War, 121; significance in Russo-Iranian
territorial rivalry, 130; status under Rus-
sian rule, 145, 146, 149, 152; attacked
by Iran (1826), 156; sides with Iran in
Second Russo-Iranian War, 158. See also
Caucasus (Eastern)
Qazzaqs, 68
Qobbeh: eighteenth century conditions, 11,
15, 16, 18, 19; sides with Aqa Moham-
mad, 20; opposes Russia (1796), 41;
population shifts, 149; role in Russo-Index