the accounts of milbon, hyet’ong and myÖngnang 291
general Li Ji 100 commanded a large army and destroyed Ko[gu]ryö
in alliance with Silla. Thereafter he stationed his remaining troops in
Paekche to attack and destroy Silla. [But] the people of Silla knew
this and dispatched troops to repel [the Tang army]. When [Emperor]
Gaozong heard this he became enraged and ordered Xue Bang 101
to mobilise troops in order to attack [Silla]. Hearing this, King Munmu
became afraid and requested the monk to drive away the enemy
by performing a secret ritual. (This fact is found in the biography of
King Munmu).^102 From this time forth, Myöngnang was regarded as
the founder of the Sinin-jong.^103
When our [King] T’aejo 104 founded [Koryö], the country was
troubled by pirates. The king asked the two great monks Kwanghak
and Taeyön ,^105 the descendants of Anhye and Nangyung
,^106 to perform a ritual to repulse and subjugate [the pirates]. They
are all in Myöngnang’s lineage. Therefore, Myöngnang is considered
as one of the nine patriarchs, with Ngrjuna as the rst.
(According to the records of the [aforementioned] temple three
masters are vinaya patriarchs, but this is unclear.) Furthermore, [King]
T’aejo founded the Hyönsöng-sa 107 and made [this temple] the
headquarters of the entire school [of Myöngnang].
(^100) Li Shiji. He conquered Koguryö in 668. See Twitchett 1997, p. 284;
Lee 1984, p. 67.
(^101) The Tang general Xue Rengui. See Jamieson 1970, pp. 85–87; KYIK,
p. 335, n. 26.
(^102) See story titled Munho-wang Pömmin (King Munho Pömmin) in Samguk yusa, vol.
2, part 2 (HPC, vol. 6, pp. 287b–289b). King Munmu (r. 661–81) established Uni ed
Silla in 668. See below, note 125. 103
The Samguk yusa is the oldest extant source that mentions this school. It is doubtful
whether the Sinin-jong existed as a school of Korean esoteric Buddhism in (Uni ed)
Silla. See Sørensen 1993, pp. 86–87. Suh 1994, pp. 282–284.
(^104) Wang Kön (r. 918–43), the founder of the Kory ö dynasty.
(^105) These monks are mentioned again in the passage following the story of Myöng-
nang. See HPC, vol. 6, p. 357: “According to a footnote in a notice pasted on a pillar
of the Tolbaek-sa, Kwanghak and Taeyön are the sons of Chöngninyö, the mother
of Myöngjunyö. Her mother was Ajinyö, the mother of Köch’ön, the local headman
(hojang) of Kyöngju.” According to Kim P. 1995, p. 524, n. 2, the Tolbaek-sa is a former
temple in Kyöngju. But according to Yi 1996, p. 139 s.v. Tolbaek-sa, the temple was
located in Kaesöng. See also Yi 1993, p. 32 s.v. Kwanghak, p. 63 s.v. Taeyön.
(^106) The monks Anhye and Nangyung only appear in this story of the Samguk yusa.
See Yi 1993, p. 177 s.v. Anhye. According to the KYIK, p. 542, n. 91, the four char-
acters An , Hye , Nang and Yung probably represent the names of four
monks, i.e., Anham , Hyet’ong, My öngnang and Yungch’ön. Anham and
Yungch’ön are both mentioned in the Samguk yusa, see HPC, vol. 6, p. 318b11–12 and
p. 362c7. See also Anham’s biography in Lee 1969, pp. 83–88.
(^107) This temple was located in Kaesöng. See Yi 1996, pp. 636–637 s.v. Hyönsöng-sa.