continental south asia and the islands 11San-ma-lan: According toWen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 332:17b, it was situ-
ated at the sea near Champa. It therefore must have been still another
small country in present southernmost Vietnam.
Fu-nan: Situated in present southern Cambodia and southernmost
Vietnam.
Chen-la: This was the Khmer Kingdom in present Cambodia.
Seng-kao:Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei p.5024 calls it a small country in the
southern wilderness. According to Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 131:12b, it was
situated northwest of Chen-la and was annexed by it after 650-656.
Wu-ling:Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei p.5024 calls it a small country in the
southern wilderness. According to Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 131:12b, it was
annexed by Chen-la after 650-656.
Chia-cha:Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei p.5024 calls it a small country in the
southern wilderness. According to Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 131:12b, it was
annexed by Chen-la after 650-656.
Chiu-mi:Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei, p.5024, calls it a small country in the
southern wilderness. According to Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 131:12b, it was
annexed by Chen-la after 650-656.
Chan-po or Chan-p’o: Schafer^7 places this country in Cambodia
but then calls it “a country unknown to us”.
Lo-hu: According to Sung shih 31:6b, and Chao Ju-kua^8 it was
a dependency of Chen-la. Following Gerini and Pelliot, Hirth and
Rockhill^9 identify it with Lopburi on the lower Menam.
Chen-li-fu: According to Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 332:14a and Chao
Ju-kua,^10 it was a dependency of Chen-la. Following Gerini, Hirth
and Rockhill^11 identify it with Chanthabun on the east coast of the
Gulf of Siam, i.e. they place it in southeastern Thailand adjoining
Cambodia.
Ch’ih-t’u: The “Red Earth” country. This was the state reached
by the Sui mission of 607. According to Sui shu 82:3a and Wen-hsien
t’ung-k’ao 331:12b, the people were a separate tribe of Fu-nan, their
country was situated in the southern ocean, more than 100 days of
sea travel distant [from China], and it had received its name because
(^7) Schafer, Golden Peaches, pp.81, 83.
(^8) Hirth and Rockhill, Chao Ju-kua, p.53.
(^9) Op.cit., p.56, note 10.
(^10) Op.cit., p.53.
(^11) Op.cit., p.56, note 10.