ch’ing-hai 279Chinese border lands without meeting any resistance (Sui shu 83:5a;
Chiu T’ang shu198:6a).
After Kao-tsu had ascended the throne on June 18, 618, and had
founded the T’ang dynasty, he made peace with the T’u-yü-hun and
allied himself with them in 619. Yün-fu, on his part, requested the
return of his son Shun. The latter had remained in the entourage of
Emperor Yang, and after Yang’s murder in 618 had returned from
Chiang-tu to Ch’ang-an. Kao-tsu sent him to his father, the year not
being recorded (Sui shu 83:5a; Chiu T’ang shu 198:6a; Tzu-chih t’ung-
chien p.5841).
In the 2nd (Feb./Mar.), 9th (Oct./Nov.), and 11th month (Dec./
Jan., 620) of the Chinese year 618, T’u-yü-hun envoys offered gifts
(Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei, p.5023).
In 621, 622, and 623 the T’u-yü-hun looted Chinese border lands
(T’ang hui-yao 94:17a; Tzu-chih t’ung-chien pp.5951, 5966). But in the 6th
(July/Aug.), 9th (October), and 12th month (Dec./Jan., 624) of the
Chinese year 623, and the 6th month (June/July) of 624 their envoys
again offered presents (Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei p.5023).
In the 10th month (Nov./Dec.) of 624, the T’u-yü-hun looted the
Chinese northwest (Tzu-chih t’ung-chien p.5993).
In the 1st month (Feb./Mar.) of 625, the T’u-yü-hun and Chinese
agreed on joint border markets. In the 3rd month (Apr./May), T’u-
yü-hun envoys offered gifts (Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei p.5023; Tzu-chih t’ung-chien
p.5994).
After T’ai-tsung had ascended the T’ang throne on Sep.3, 626, Yün-
fu sent an envoy and proposed peace But even before this envoy had
departed from Ch’ang-an on his voyage home, Yün-fu looted again.
T’ai-tsung invited him to his court, but Yün-fu refused on the pretext
of illness (Chiu T’ang shu 198:6b; Tzu-chih t’ung-chien pp.6017, 6106).
Even though no formal treaty was concluded, peace held until 634.
T’u-yü-hun envoys offered gifts in the intercalary month (Apr./May)
of 627, the 2nd month (Mar./Apr.) of 630, the 5th month (May/June)
of 632, the 5th month (June/July) of 633, and the 4th month (May)
of 634 (Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei pp. 5023, 5024).
In the 5th month (June) of 634, Yün-fu requested that one of his sons
marry a Chinese princess. T’ai-tsung agreed, but Yün-fu proceeded
to loot Chinese lands and also arrested a T’ang envoy. The emperor
sent an envoy to dissuade him, and also summoned Yün-fu’s envoys
in Ch’ang-an to warn him. This had no result. The marriage was
consequently cancelled (Chiu T’ang shu 3:3a-3b).