ch’ing-hai 287commerce. At that time, the T’u-yü-hun also traded with the Liao,
with 12 missions recorded from 933 to 994.
The chief export of the T’u-yü-hun was livestock. These are the
recorded items:
637: 13,000 head of cattle and sheep.
649: horses and cattle.
652: fine horses.
653: fine horses.
924: race horses.
925: sheep and horses.
926: horses.
928: 53 horses.
931: horses.
935: horses.
942: 10 horses.It is not recorded what the Chinese paid for these goods.
The Tibetans of Tsong-kha
Sung shih has a special section for this tribe. The only other source,
the Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao, has entries for it only under the heading of
Tibet.
This Tibetan tribe lived in the Huang River Valley east of lake
Ch’ing-hai or Kokonor, an area which in Tibetan was called Tsong-kha
(map.7). The tribe does not appear in the sources until the year 1008.
It is probable, therefore, that it had moved into the former territory of
the T’u-yü-hun after their destruction in 670. The first documented
chief, Chüeh-ssu-lo, descended from the Tibetan royal house, i.e.
ultimately from Srong-btsan-sgam-po^11 (Sung shih 492:11b).
In the 11th month (December) of 1008, the Tsong-kha Tibetans
offered gifts to the Sung court (Sung shih 492:10a).
In 1015, envoys from Chüeh-ssu-lo to the Sung court offered 7000
ounces of gold and fine horses. He received in return brocade robes,
(^11) According to R.Stein, Chüeh-ssu-lo was a transliteration of the Tibetan rgyal-
sras, meaning prince. See Petech in Rossabi, ed., China among Equals, p.195 note 8.