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Military, 2000.MANUELITO
Manuelito
(ca. 1818–1893)
Navajo War Chief
F
or four decades,
Manuelito com-
manded the largest
Native American tribe of
the Old Southwest. Re-
lentlessly opposed to re-
location, he successfully
evaded army troops over
three years before be-
coming an agent of ac-
commodation and Indian
education.
Manuelito (Hastiin
Ch’ilhaajinii) was born
probably around 1818
near Bear Ears, Utah, a
part of the Bit’ahni
(Folded Arms People)
band of the greater
Navajo nation. This was a
large, successful tribe that
occupied a wide region
stretching across parts of
modern-day Arizona, Utah,
and New Mexico. They were also quite adept
as mounted raiders and were in constant con-
flict with their Ute, Hopi, and Pueblo neigh-
bors. It was during a raid upon the Hopis that
Manuelito killed his first enemy and adopted
the military name Hash-
keh Naabaah (Angry War-
rior). Renown came at an
early age; at only 16 he
was allowed to marry the
daughter of Narbona, an
influential Navajo peace
chief. Manuelito’s political
stock rose steadily within
his band and was further
abetted by his six-foot,
two-inch stature, com-
manding demeanor, and
martial prowess.
Traditional Navajo be-
havior began assuming
new and more compli-
cated dimensions follow-
ing the arrival of Ameri-
can military expeditions
to New Mexico in 1846.
Col. Alexander William
Doniphan was passing
through en route to his
invasion of Mexico when several settlements
called upon him to stop Navajo raids against
cattle, horses, and other property. Doniphan
proved unable to bring the wily Indians to bat-
tle, but he gave them a good chase, and atManuelito
National Archives