Historical Dictionary of British Intelligence

CAMBRIDGE FIVE• 83

memoirs,The Enigma Spy, in October 1995. Although he denied

having spied after World War II or having betrayed atomic secrets,

hisNKVDdossier, declassified in Moscow, identifies him as an

agent codenamedlisztandmoliereand confirms the true extent of

his espionage.

CAIRO.During World War II, Cairo was the regional headquarters of
four branches of British Intelligence:Special Operations Executive
(SOE), theSecret Intelligence Service(SIS), theMiddle East Intel-
ligence Centre(MEIC), andMI5. SOE’s local organization, in the
Rustum Buildings on the Sharia Kasr-el-Aini, was known as the
Middle East Mission. SIS’s local cover was theInter-Services Li-
aison Department, headed by Cuthbert Bowlby and located in the
GHQ Middle East compound. The MEIC was headed by Brigadier
Walter Cawthorn, assisted by ColonelIltyd Clayton. MEIC was su-
perseded by MI5’s regional branch, Security Intelligence Middle
East, headed by Colonel Raymund Maunsell, then Brigadier Douglas
Roberts. In 1943Henry Hopkinsonwas appointed chairman of a
newly created Middle East Intelligence Committee to coordinate the
work of the competing groups.

CALVO, LUIS.Recruited by theAbwehras a spy, Luis Calvo was a
Spanish journalist who had represented various newspapers in Lon-
don since 1932 and had been identified fromisosintercepts. He was
arrested in February 1942, having been compromised byMI5’sdou-
ble agent‘‘G. W.,’’ and spent the remainder of the war atCamp 020,
where he became the prison’s librarian. After the war, he was re-
leased and later became editor ofABC, Madrid’s major daily news-
paper.

CAMBRIDGE FIVE.The generic term used to refer toGuy Burgess,
Donald Maclean,Kim Philby,Anthony Blunt, andJohn Cairn-
cross, who were all educated at Cambridge University, although not
simultaneously. Philby was the first to be recruited, but only after
he had graduated and was working as a journalist in London, having
married aCominternagent,Litzi Friedman, in Vienna. As well as
the group the Soviets referred to as the ‘‘Magnificent Five,’’ there
were others associated with the key figures, among themLeo Long