FROLIK, JOSEF• 197FRANKS, DICKIE.Chief of theSecret Intelligence Service(SIS)
from 1978 to 1981, Arthur (‘‘Dickie’’) Franks had joined the organi-
zation in 1949 after his education at Rugby and Queen’s College, Ox-
ford. He served in the army and thenSpecial Operations Executive
between 1940 and 1946, and his first overseas posting was to the SIS
station in Cyprus, operating underBritish Middle East Officecover,
in 1952. The following year he was sent to Tehran, where he re-
mained for four years, playing a key role inboot, the plan that over-
threw Iranian Prime Minister Mossadeq and established the Shah. In
1956 Franks returned toBroadwayas controller, Middle East. Later,
as head of the London station, he laid the foundations of the opera-
tion to run ColonelOleg Penkovskyby recruiting Greville Wynne
as an agent and courier in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe; Pen-
kovsky turned out to be a veritable goldmine of intelligence but was
arrested in 1962. In the aftermath of the Penkovsky affair, when
Wynne supposedly had been resettled and compensated, Franks was
posted in 1962 to Bonn. In November 1966 he returned to London,
and 12 years later he was appointed Chief.
FRANKS, LORD.Following theFalklandsconflict in 1982, Lord
Franks chaired a committee of privy councilors to investigate the
cause of the war and took evidence from all the intelligence agencies.
His conclusions, that the war could not have been predicted or
avoided, were widely criticized.
FRIEDMAN, LITZI.Married toKim Philbyin Vienna in 1934, Litzi
Friedman was a Communist activist who is credited with having in-
troduced her husband toEdith Suschitzky, an experiencedNKVD
agent who in turn arranged for Philby to meet his recruiter,Arnold
Deutsch, at a rendezvous in Regent’s Park. Later divorced from Phil-
by, Friedman returned to East Germany after the war and now lives
in Vienna.
FRIENDS.Originally a term withinSpecial Operations Executiveto
refer to theHaganah, the military arm of the Jewish Agency, but
after World War II, ‘‘friends’’ was, and remains, the euphemism
adopted by the Foreign Office for theSecret Intelligence Service.
FROLIK, JOSEF.Josef Frolik joined the Ministry of State Security
in December 1952 and eight years later had risen to be head of the