Historical Dictionary of British Intelligence

GARBY-CZERNIAWSKI, ROMAN• 203

long-expected invasion across the Channel would concentrate on the

beaches of the Pas-de-Calais.garbo’s vital contribution to this oper-

ation was to provide the evidence to support a completely bogus Al-

lied order of battle that included a nonexistentFirst United States

Army Grouplocated in southeast England, poised in readiness for

an assault on northern France. When the real invasion got under way

in June 1944,garboassured his enemy contacts that this was a mere

feint intended to divert the defenders away from the real target fur-

ther north, which would be attacked a fortnight later.

garbo’s colorful messages to his Abwehr controller made a dra-

matic impact on the success ofD-Dayand were the cause of a sig-

nificant delay before the Wehrmacht launched a counterattack in

Normandy. Despite his catastrophically misleading advice,garbo

was decorated by the Germans, and he also received an MBE from

the grateful British government. His true name remained a closely

guarded secret and was not disclosed until his return to London in

1984. In the meantime he was praised by such authorities asJohn
      Masterman,Dennis Wheatley,Anthony Blunt, and evenKim Phil-
      by, who described his ring as ‘‘one of the most creative intelligence
      operations of all time.’’
      After the war Pujol and his family were resettled in Venezuela,
      working for a British oil company, his true identity protected by the
      Security Service. However, in 1984 he returned to London to cele-
      brate the 40th anniversary of the D-Day landings and was escorted
      to Buckingham Palace to meet the Duke of Edinburgh, who thanked
      him for his unique contribution to the Allied victory. Following his
      visit to the Normandy beaches in 1984,garbowrote an account of
      his extraordinary career as a double agent.

GARBY-CZERNIAWSKI, ROMAN.Soon after the fall of France,
Roman Garby-Czerniawski, a Polish air force pilot, went under-
ground and played a key role in astay-behind networkset up by the
Polish Deuxie`me Bureau. Radio contact direct to London was estab-
lished in January 1941 betweenSecret Intelligence Service(SIS)
and the network, which SIS codenamedtudor. At the time,tudor
represented SIS’s virtually sole source of reliable information from
occupied France, so Garby-Czerniawski was held in high regard in
London and was given a hero’s reception when he was flown over