NORWEGIAN SECTION• 391(SOE), theShetland Bus, and the hugely successful network of 147
radio transmitters run by theSecret Intelligence Service(SIS), Nor-
way’s postwar intelligence agencies have enjoyed the closest liaison
with their British counterparts. Asbjorn Bryhn, head of the Security
Police from 1947 to 1962, had been the security chief in London of
the Norwegian resistance organization Milorg during the war. Simi-
larly, Roscher Lund and his successor as chief of the Norwegian In-
telligence Service (NIS) in 1946, Vilhelm Evang (who remained in
the post for 20 years), both worked for the wartime resistance in
London.
SIS played an active role in the development of thestay-behind
networkcodenamedsaturn, which was intended to form the basis
of a sabotage and resistance group of well-trained guerrillas if the
Soviets occupied the country. In 1955 the U.S.National Security
Agencyreached an agreement with the NIS to share signals intelli-
gence collected at a string of intercept sites monitoring Soviet wire-
less traffic, andGCHQ followed soon afterward to negotiate a
similar arrangement with Major Knut Haugland of the Royal Norwe-
gian Air Force, who had operated for SOE during the war.
The links between NIS and SIS were so close that from 1954 joint
cross-border operations, codenamedlog cabin, were mounted to tap
Soviet communication lines. Similarly, theRoyal Air Forceflew
electronic intelligence missions from Norwegian bases. Later in the
Cold War, SIS and NIS cooperated to handle Sovietdefectorssuch
asOleg Bitovin 1983.
The NIS was dissolved in 1990, leaving SIS to liaise with the Po-
lice Security Service (Politiets Overvakingstjeneste, POT), the Joint
Defense Security Service (Forsvarets Sikkerhetsjeneste, FO/S), and
the Joint Defense Intelligence Service (Forsvarets Etteretningstjen-
este, FO/E).NORWEGIAN SECTION.The original Norwegian subsection of the
Scandinavian Section ofSpecial Operations Executive(SOE) was
headed by James Chaworth-Musters, the owner of a farm in southern
Norway who had been attached to the British consulate in Bergen
during the German invasion. Its principal preoccupation, in the ab-
sence of any radio equipment, was preparing for Operationclari-
bel, a somewhat optimistic scheme intended to harass German units