In May 1949, K-5 was separated from the other criminal police
departments and placed under the auspices of the Interior Admin-
istration, whose vice president, Erich Mielke, assumed direct re-
sponsibility. K-5, however, remained beholden to the MVD (Soviet
Ministry of Internal Affairs) and the MGB (Soviet Ministry of State
Security), carrying out orders and collecting information at their
behest. With Soviet advisors active at every level, no official inves-
tigation could be conducted without their approval. In September
1949, many of K-5’s tasks were transferred to a newly created Main
Administration for the Protection of the National Economy, also
headed by Mielke. When the MfS was officially established in Febru-
ary 1950, only about 10 percent of nearly 1,600 K-5 employees met
the Soviets’ strict vetting requirements and made the transition. See
also JAMIN, ERICH.KADE, GERHARD (1931–1995). A West German academic, peace
activist, and agent of the Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung (HVA),
Gerhard Kade was an economist at the University of Hamburg who
researched and wrote prolifically on disarmament issues. After con-
ceiving of a new group called Generale für den Frieden (Generals
for Peace) in 1980, he made secret arrangements with the HVA for
money and assistance and was assigned the code name super. Al-
though the organization comprised only a small section of the peace
movement, it featured influential former military commanders from
countries belonging to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Wolf
von Baudissin and Gert Bastian represented the Federal Republic of
Germany (FRG). Besides receiving an annual subsidy of 100,000
DM from the HVA, Kade also had consultations with members of
the KGB, which helped supply the basis of his pro-Soviet, anti-
NATO position papers and interviews. Of particular concern was
the planned deployment of Pershing II missiles in the FRG. In all
likelihood, the generals remained unaware of Kade’s Eastern bloc
connections. Kade died on 4 December 1995.
KALTENBRUNNER, ERNST (1903–1946). The head of the
Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) during its final phase, Ernst
Kaltenbrunner was born in Ried, Austria, on 4 October 1903, the son
of a lawyer. Following schooling in Linz, he studied law at Graz from
216 • KADE, GERHARD