Lubig’s activity continued until her early retirement in 1989. The
following year, however, the defection of HVA officer Heinz Busch
led to the discovery of her espionage for the GDR. In light of her
full cooperation with authorities, the Düsseldorf court gave her a
suspended sentence of 18 months. Her sister, likewise recruited by
“Danish intelligence,” had died prior to the 1996 trial.LÜBKE AFFAIR. A major disinformation campaign conducted by
the Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (MfS), the Lübke Affair cen-
tered on Heinrich Lübke, a member of the Christlich-Demokratische
Union who was elected the second president of the Federal Republic
of Germany in 1959. Although Lübke had been imprisoned by the
Nazis for 20 months, and had also stressed that German citizens
should not conceal their past, the German Democratic Republic be-
gan in 1964 to characterize him as a Gestapo agent and “concentra-
tion camp master builder” during World War II. At the core of the
allegation was Lübke’s role as a senior engineer with the company
managed by Walter Schlempp that had responsibility for new con-
struction at Peenemünde, including a workers’ barracks. To intensify
the charges, numerous documents were falsified by the MfS and sup-
plied to West German publications such as Stern and Der Spiegel.
Although no proof existed that he had committed any war crimes,
the unrelenting publicity caused Lübke to resign his office in late
June 1969, three months prior to the expiration of his second term.
According to MfS records, the director of the agitation division con-
sidered the campaign closed at that point.
LUDWIG, HERBERT (1938– ). A very successful Illegaler placed
in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) by the Verwaltung
Aufklärung (VA), Herbert Ludwig was born in Straslund. Follow-
ing the completion of his studies at the University for Economics in
Berlin-Karlshorst in 1960, he held several local government posi-
tions. Because of his strong physical resemblance to Jürgen Kindt,
a West Berliner who had recently moved to the German Democratic
Republic (GDR), Ludwig was selected by the VA to assume his iden-
tity and begin a new life in the FRG. Arriving in Hamburg in May
1965, Ludwig found employment with Lufthansa airlines as an elec-
tronic data processor, even though there existed few opportunities for
274 • LÜBKE AFFAIR