Berlin office of the Gestapo in 1937, he came to direct the wartime
subdivision dealing with enemy agents who had been paradropped
or were involved in radio operations. With the discovery of the Rote
Kapelle by the Funkabwehr in June 1941, Strübing methodically
tracked down 116 of its members and assembled the special com-
mission charged with their interrogation. After the war, given his
expertise in counterintelligence, Strübing (code name stahlmann)
was recruited for the new BfV. Yet with the public revelation that
the security organs of the Federal Republic of Germany had engaged
many ex-Gestapo and Sicherheitsdienst officers, his service was
terminated in 1963.STÜLPNAGEL, CARL HEINRICH VON (1886–1944). An army
intelligence officer and military governor of France during World
War II, Carl Heinrich von Stülpnagel was born in Darmstadt on
2 January 1886, the son of a Prussian general. After embarking
on a military career in 1904, he served in World War I and after-
ward held various positions with the Reichswehr. In March 1933,
army intelligence—formerly disguised as T 3 but now restored
to its older name Fremde Heere—fell under his direction, and a
significant expansion occurred, although most of its information
was still gleaned from the daily and military press. In 1936, he was
promoted to general and given the command of a division, while
his successor at Fremde Heere, Kurt von Tippelskirch, sought to
consolidate his initiatives.
Stülpnagel’s attitude toward the Third Reich became increasingly
critical, especially following the Night of the Long Knives, and he
participated in the attempted military coups against Adolf Hitler in
1936 and 1939. Even more noteworthy were his actions following
his appointment as military governor of occupied France on 3 March
- Despite implementing harsh measures against members of the
French Resistance, Stülpnagel allowed his staff headquarters at the
Hôtel Majestic in Paris to become the center of the German military
conspiracy in the country. Hearing the first news of the attempted as-
sassination of Hitler on 20 July 1944, his followers arrested 1,200 key
members of the SS and Sicherheitsdienst in their quarters near the
Arc de Triomphe. The failure of the coup resulted in Stülpnagel’s im-
mediate dismissal and recall to Berlin. At the World War I battlefield
452 • STÜLPNAGEL, CARL HEINRICH VON