nunu—using an army metaphor, “He had been sleeping on guard
duty.” With few options, Carmon resigned.CARMON, YIGAL (1946– ).Colonel (reserves) Carmon served in
Military Intelligence(MI) from 1968 to 1988. From 1977 to 1982,
he was the acting head of the civil administration in Judea and
Samaria in the West Bank and the adviser on Arab affairs to the civil
administration of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). In 1982, Carmon
became a senior officer of Unit 504, a small secret unit dedicated to
human intelligence that was particularly active in Lebanon. After his
retirement from the IDF, he served from 1988 to 1993 as the adviser
to prime ministers Yitzhak Shamirand Yitzhak Rabin for counter-
ing terrorism. In 1991 and 1992, he was a senior member of the Is-
raeli delegation for peace negotiations with Syria in Madrid and
Washington.
Yigal Carmon is now the president of the Middle East Media Re-
search Institute (MEMRI), which was established in February 1998.
Its objective is to study and analyze the Middle East through the re-
gion’s media. MEMRI’s headquarters is located in Washington, D.C.,
with branch offices in Berlin, London, and Jerusalem. MEMRI’s re-
search is translated into English, German, Hebrew, Italian, French,
Spanish, Turkish, and Russian. Although MEMRI’s viewpoint is pro-
Israel, it is not the case that it contains no criticism of Israel or that it
is uniformly anti-Arab.CAROZ, YA’ACOV (1920– ).Born Emeric Kraus in Transylvania,
Caroz immigrated to Palestine in 1938. He studied history and phi-
losophy at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, concomitantly work-
ing in the Censorship Department of the British mandatory post of-
fice in Jerusalem. During World War II, he worked in the
psychological warfare section of the British Army, whose purpose
was to demoralize the Nazi Wehrmacht in North Africa. After the
war, Caroz joined the Mossad Le’Aliyah Bethand the Information
Service. In the summer of 1947, he was dispatched to France and
North Africa on a secret mission to escort Jews to Israel.
After the establishment of the State of Israel in May 1948, having
finished his mission in North Africa, Caroz was recruited in 1949 to the
Israeli Security Agency(ISA) and soon headed its Tel Aviv sector.CAROZ, YA’ACOV•5706-102 (02) A-G.qxd 3/24/06 7:23 AM Page 57