in 1938 as an expert on Soviet subversion. In 1945 he went to
Canada, where he interviewed the first postwar defector, Igor
Gouzenko, to develop counterintelligenceleads. From 1956 to
1965, Hollis served as director general of MI5. But Hollis became
the target of a mole hunt in the late 1960s, as more conservative of-
ficials in MI5 and MI6 sought to prove that he was a Soviet agent.
There seems to be no evidence that Hollis was in fact a traitor. The
mole hunt was Kim Philby’s last gift to his Soviet masters: by mak-
ing it appear that the KGBhad access to agents at the highest level
of the British government, Philby created a climate of distrust
within the London establishment that lasted for more than a decade
after his defection.HOWARD, EDWARD LEE (1951–2002).One of three American in-
telligence officers to volunteer to the KGBin 1985, Howard de-
fected after washing out of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
course for case officers. Howard, who had been slated for an as-
signment to Moscow, was fired for drinking and theft. After being
arrested for his part in a barroom brawl in New Mexico, he ap-
proached the Soviets in Europe, offering information about the
agents he had been trained to run inside the Soviet Union. His
treachery was revealed by Vitaliy Yurchenko, who informed the
CIA of a former officer named “Robert” who had agreed to work
with the KGB. Howard was placed under surveillance in New Mex-
ico, but using techniques he had learned in CIA courses, he escaped
and made his way to Moscow. Howard’s information led to the ar-
rest and executionof several of the CIA’s Soviet agents, including
Adolf Tolkachev, an engineer who provided detailed information
about the Soviet aircraft industry to the CIA. Tolkachev’s loss was
a severe one for the CIA; he is described in a recently unclassified
article as a “worthy successor to Oleg Penkovskiy.”
Howard was never a happy defectorand chaffed under the rules
and regulations of his hosts. He wrote a book, Safe House, which he
submitted to the CIA for vetting—making it probably the only book
in the Cold Warto have been approved by both the CIA and the
KGB. In the book, Howard emphasized his innocence, claiming that
Federal Bureau of Investigation persecution drove him into exile. He
died in 2002, apparently in an accident in his home.HOWARD, EDWARD LEE (1951–2002)• 11706-313 G-P.qxd 7/27/06 7:56 AM Page 117