Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence

the Soviet Union. Tragically for Nosenko and the CIA, Golitsyn’s

charges were believed by the CIA counterintelligence director James

Jesus Angleton. Nosenko was hounded and finally jailed illegally in

solitary confinement for more than three years.

After several major counterintelligence studies of the case,

Nosenko was declared a bona fide defector and resettled. His infor-

mation on KGB agents and tradecraftled to a number of Western

counterintelligence successes. Nevertheless, the Nosenko case con-

tinued to consume many CIA counterintelligence specialists for

decades more. KGB defectors and documents all indicated that Golit-

syn’s charges were baseless, and that Nosenko was a bona fide—if

flawed—defector.

NOVIK, ALFONS ANDREEVICH (1908–1996). A Latvian revolu-

tionary, Novik was made head of the Latvian republic’s NKVDwhen

the Soviet Union occupied Latvia in 1940, and he took part in the

massive deportationof Latvians exiled to Siberia. During World

War II, he worked with Latvian and Russian partisansas part of the

NKVD’s Fourth Directorate. Following the war, he served as repub-

lic security chief. He was promoted to major general and highly dec-

orated for his service to Moscow. In 1953 he became deputy minister

of agriculture. Novik’s life took a turn for the worse in 1991, how-

ever. He was named a war criminal for his role in Latvia in the So-

viet period. Imprisoned in 1994, he died in confinement. Novik,

whose name in Latvian would be Noviks, was seen as a man who be-

trayed his country, literally changing his name to please Moscow. He

was one of the few citizens of the former Soviet Union who were

punished for crimes against humanity.

NOVOCHERKASSK.In June 1962 food riots occurred in the south

Russian city of Novocherkassk. The local authorities were unable to

quell the riots, which quickly took on a political character, as posters

appeared denouncing the Communist Partyand demanding meat,

milk, and wage increases. One poster reportedly suggested turning

party bosses into sausage. Following some clashes with local police,

KGBand army troops fired into the crowd, killing 23 people and

wounding more than a hundred. The KGB official responsible for re-

pression was Petr Ivashutin, who later became chief of the GRU.

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