Historical Dictionary of United States Intelligence

the interests of the DIAat the appropriate coordinationmeetings of na-

tional intelligence estimates(NIEs) prepared by the NIC. The DIAop-

erates the Joint Military Intelligence College (JMIC) and runs the de-

fense attaché program. The George W. Bushadministration began

considering a plan in late 2004 to create a Joint Intelligence Operational

Command within the Defense Department, which would increase the

organizational power of intelligence and possibly replace the DIA.

DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE COLLEGE (DIC).See JOINTMILI-

TARYINTELLIGENCE COLLEGE.

DEFENSE INTELLIGECE SCHOOL (DIS). SeeJOINT MILI-

TARYINTELLIGENCE COLLEGE.

DEFENSE SECURITY SERVICE (DSS).The Defense Security Ser-

vice, formerly known as the Defense Investigative Service (DIS),

conducts personnel security investigations and provides industrial se-

curity products and services as well as comprehensive security edu-

cation and training to the Defense Department and other government

entities. Although not a formal member of the intelligence commu-

nity (IC), the DSS works closely with IC agencies to provide coun-

terintelligence services.

DENIAL/DECEPTION OPERATIONS. These are clandestine oper-

ations intended to deny information or access to hostile governments

and their agents or to deceive them intofalse scenarios.

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD). Acentral military organiza-

tion authorized by Congress in 1947 and officially established in

1949. At the end of World War II, U.S. policymakers decided that a
      central military organization was needed at the national and major
      commands levels. In 1947, through the National Security Act, Con-
      gress created the civilian position of secretary of defense, as well as
      the National Military Authority, to provide centralized civilian di-
      rection to the military apparatus. It also established the air force as its
      own department and subordinated all military services to the new sec-
      retary. In 1949, a further effort to centralize authority resulted in an
      amendment to the original act that made the new agency an executive

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE•51

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