Historical Dictionary of United States Intelligence

instrument for coordinatingand managing the intelligence commu-

nity (IC). The ICS was reconstituted as the Community Manage-

ment Staff (CMS) in 1992.

INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY (IC) 21 REPORT.Commissioned

by the members of the House Permanent Select Committee on In-

telligence (HPSCI) in 1997, IC 21 was a staff study of the entire

American intelligence apparatus, ranging from issues like the appro-

priate structural arrangements to an examination of all collection dis-

ciplines and their impact on intelligence performance. While identi-

fying specific dysfunctions in each area, IC 21’s most important

finding was the lack of collection synergy and structural integration

in the intelligence community (IC).

INTELLIGENCE CYCLE. The intelligence cycle refers to the spe-

cific steps in the intelligence process. The Central Intelligence

Agency (CIA) identifies five steps in the process. Planning and di-

rection come from policymakers in the form of requirements or

needs. Collection, the second step, is the acquisition of intelligence

information by secret or open means. Processing, the third step, con-

verts collected information into a suitable form for intelligence

analysis. Analysis is the transformation of information into intelli-

gence through the systematic evaluation, integration, and interpreta-

tion of data and the preparation of intelligence products. Dissemina-

tion, the final step, is the delivery of the intelligence products to

policymakers.

INTELLIGENCE IDENTITIES ACT OF 1982.This law imposes a

10-year prison term on anyone knowingly disclosing the identity of a

covert intelligence officer. The act is applicable only when the identi-

fied person has served in a covert capacity abroad or in a post involv-

ing foreign counterintelligenceat least five years under a coverin-

tended to shield that identity. Congress enacted the law after several

disgruntled former intelligence officers published exposes that dis-

closed the identities of officers of the Central Intelligence Agency

(CIA) and other agencies in the 1970s.

INTELLIGENCE LIAISON.Intelligence agencies often establish

and maintain liaison relationships with their counterparts in other

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