ley to use military force against Spain in Cuba. 24 April:Military In-
telligence Section agents sent to Cuba to assist Cuban insurgents against
the Spanish. 25 April: United States declares war on Spain over Cuba.
1 May:Destruction of Spanish fleet in Manila Harbor. 22–24 July:
U.S. Army lands in Cuba. 10 December:Treaty of Paris ends Spanish-
American War.1905 Russo-Japanese War; Japanese victory.1906 Japanese war scare in U.S. prompts intelligence gathering against
Japan; ends in 1907.1908 Military Intelligence Section files transferred to Army War Col-
lege, ending War Department intelligence activities. Department of Jus-
tice establishes Bureau of Investigation.1911 February:German deception operation to provoke war between
U.S. and Mexico by claiming alliance between Mexico and Japan.1912 Contingency Plans developed; Green Plan for intervening in
revolutionary Mexico; Orange Plan for war with Japan.1914 July: Austro-Hungarian Empire and Germany declare war
against Serbia, Britain, and France. U.S. taken completely by surprise.1915 Plan of San Diego, an aborted German plan to foment an upris-
ing by Mexican Americans, Native Americans, and African Americans
in the American Southwest.1916 U.S. Army incursions into Mexico to catch Pancho Villa; U.S.
intelligence based only on interrogations of refugees. 1 July:Congress
authorizes Bureau of Investigation to engage in counterespionage on
behalf of the Department of State.1917 The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) Labor Federation
foments strikes and labor unrest to prevent U.S. entry into World War
II. IWW used by German intelligence for sabotage in U.S. February:
British turn Zimmerman telegram over to President Woodrow Wilson;
German scheme to seek an alliance with Mexico in a war with U.S.
March:American Protective League begins to act as auxiliary to the
Bureau of Investigation. 4 April:U.S. entry into World War I. April:
War Department establishes Military Intelligence Section as well as theCHRONOLOGY• xxiii05-398 (1) FM.qxd 10/20/05 6:14 AM Page xxiii