Historical Dictionary of United States Intelligence

from listing important journalistic sources, but I have found that the more recent

and controversial an intelligence issue, the more likely that the print media is the

principal source of information on that issue. The Christian Science Monitor, the

Los Angeles Times, and the New York Times, and the Washington Postall provide

deep coverage of recent intelligence developments. Finally, there are several

comprehensive websites that are a must for students of intelligence. Of particu-

lar note in this area are the sites of the CIA, http://www.cia.gov, where Studies in In-

telligence can also be accessed; the Federation of Atomic Scientists,

http://www.fas.org; and Loyola University’s superb collection of intelligence and

other government documents on http://www.loyola.edu/dept/politics/intel.html#docs.

U.S. intelligence went into a tailspin during the 1990s, owing largely to the

lack of an identifiable enemy against which it could mobilize its extensive re-

sources. The search for new targets and new ways of doing intelligence work

are explored in Wesley K. Clark’s Waging Modern War: Bosnia, Kosovo, and

the Future of Combatand in Frederick H. Hartmann and Robert L. Wendzel’s

America’s Foreign Policy in a Changing World. The fast-paced changes taking

place in the role of American intelligence are also amply illustrated and made

most illuminating in the exhibits of the Spy Museum in Washington, D.C.,

which opened its doors just about when the United States was attacked for the

second time in its modern history.

The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 changed everything by making U.S.

intelligence the centerpiece both of accusations of failure to anticipate terrorist at-

tacks and of the new national security strategy of counterterrorism at home and

abroad. There are no better sources for these perspectives than the reports of the

joint congressional inquiry and the report of the independent 9/11 Commission.

CONTENTS

A. General 235

1. Bibliographies 235


2. Dictionaries 236


3. General Works 237
   B. The American Revolution 239


4. General 239


5. Benjamin Franklin 240


6. Benjamin Tallmadge 240


7. Culper Ring 240


8. George Washington 240


9. Nathan Hale 241


10. Other Prominent Personalities 241

BIBLIOGRAPHY• 233

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