passes Homeland Security Bill, establishing the Department of Home-
land Security (DHS). 16 December:James S. Gilmore III, chair of the
Federal Terrorism Commission, issues report.
2003 March: President Bush launches military operations against
Iraq to oust Saddam Hussein.24 November:The National Geospatial-
Intelligence Agency (NGA) replaces the National Imagery and Map-
ping Agency. 28 November:Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty
(RL) closed down.2004 22 July:9/11 Commission releases its report, criticizing the per-
formance of U.S. intelligence.27 August:President Bush establishes
the National Counterterrorism Center (NCC). December: Congress
passes the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act, which re-
organizes U.S. intelligence by creating the position of the director of na-
tional intelligence (DNI) and allowing for the establishment of intera-
gency centers.2005 17 February:President Bush appoints John D. Negroponte as
the first DNI. 1 March:Presidential commission issues report finding
the intelligence community to have been “dead wrong” in its assess-
ment of Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction capabilities. 18 April: Pres-
ident Bush issues Executive Order (EO) 13376, replacing the DCI with
the DNI on the President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
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